Genetic Disorders and Defects in Vitamin D Action

June 2010 in “ Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America ”

Peter J. Malloy, David Feldman

Studysummary This article compares two rare genetic diseases, vitamin D-dependent rickets type 1 and type 2, focusing on their similar presentations of hypocalcemia and rickets in infancy, but reports no new clinical results.

Our plain-language summary. Not medical advice or a treatment recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before changing treatment. Full disclaimer

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research Mutations in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Four Patients with Hereditary 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Resistant Rickets

24 citations , November 2008 in “Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia”

In this study, mutations in the vitamin D receptor were identified in Brazilian children with rickets and alopecia, leading to impaired receptor activation and reduced 24-hydroxylase expression.

research Interactions of the Vitamin D Receptor with the Corepressor Hairless

42 citations , July 2007 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study found that most pathogenic HR mutants associated with atrichia with papular lesions had abolished corepressor activity due to defective interactions with histone deacetylases.

research A Unique Insertion/Duplication in the VDR Gene That Truncates the VDR Causing Hereditary 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Resistant Rickets Without Alopecia

37 citations , October 2006 in “Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics”

This study describes a patient with hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets (HVDRR) who, despite having a truncated vitamin D receptor, did not exhibit typical hair or skin abnormalities, suggesting possible compensation via interactions with other proteins.

research Hairless and Wnt Signaling: Allies in Epithelial Stem Cell Differentiation

74 citations , September 2006 in “Cell Cycle”

This review examines the role of Hairless, a nuclear receptor corepressor, in regulating Wnt signaling during hair cycling and reports no new clinical results.

research A Girl with a Novel Splice Site Mutation in VDR Supports the Role of a Ligand-Independent VDR Function on Hair Cycling

21 citations , January 2006 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics”

In this case study, a girl with hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets had a novel mutation in the VDR gene that affected hair cycling without causing total alopecia, suggesting ligand-independent VDR function in hair cycling.

research Hairless Suppresses Vitamin D Receptor Transactivation in Human Keratinocytes

78 citations , November 2005 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that Hairless (Hr) acts as a corepressor of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in human keratinocytes, blocking the action of vitamin D on keratinocyte differentiation.

research Hairless Triggers Reactivation of Hair Growth by Promoting Wnt Signaling

137 citations , September 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

In this study, researchers found that transgenic expression of the Hairless gene in keratinocytes can restore hair follicle regeneration in Hr-deficient mice by repressing Wise, a modulator of Wnt signaling.

research Ligand-Independent Actions of the Vitamin D Receptor Maintain Hair Follicle Homeostasis

144 citations , December 2004 in “Molecular Endocrinology”

This study found that the effects of the vitamin D receptor on hair follicle cycling in mice are independent of its ability to bind a hormone, with specific domain mutations influencing hair regrowth outcomes.

research Physical And Functional Interaction Between The Vitamin D Receptor And Hairless Corepressor, Two Proteins Required For Hair Cycling

215 citations , September 2003 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

This study found that the hairless gene product (Hr) suppresses VDR-mediated gene activation by directly interacting with the vitamin D receptor, potentially affecting hair follicle function.

research Hereditary 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D-Resistant Rickets

29 citations , January 2003 in “KARGER eBooks”

In this study, researchers concluded that hereditary 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-resistant rickets, characterized by specific mutations in the vitamin D receptor gene, may resolve metabolic abnormalities with age, though associated alopecia remains.

research Targeting Expression of the Human Vitamin D Receptor to the Keratinocytes of Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice Prevents Alopecia

21 citations , December 2001 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that restoring vitamin D receptor expression in keratinocytes of VDR null mice prevents alopecia by enhancing the hair follicle's proliferative response during anagen initiation.

research Atrichia Caused by Mutations in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Is a Phenocopy of Generalized Atrichia Caused by Mutations in the Hairless Gene

139 citations , September 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This case report describes a patient with mutations in both alleles of the vitamin D receptor who exhibited hair loss clinically indistinguishable from generalized atrichia with papules, suggesting a potential genetic pathway shared with the hairless gene.

research Normalization of Mineral Ion Homeostasis by Dietary Means Prevents Hyperparathyroidism, Rickets, and Osteomalacia, But Not Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor-Ablated Mice

119 citations , October 1998 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that normalizing mineral ion levels in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice prevented hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but alopecia persisted, indicating a separate role for the receptor in hair growth.

research Alopecia Universalis Associated With a Mutation in the Human Hairless Gene

412 citations , January 1998 in “Science”

This study identified a missense mutation in the human hairless gene associated with a rare form of recessively inherited alopecia universalis, pinpointed on chromosome 8p12.

research Vitamin D-Dependent Rickets Type II: Extreme End Organ Resistance to 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D3 in a Patient Without Alopecia

50 citations , October 1986 in “European journal of pediatrics”

This case study reported that absence of alopecia does not reliably predict responsiveness to vitamin D treatment in Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II, as demonstrated by a patient with normal hair growth who showed extreme resistance.

research 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Resistance, Rickets, and Alopecia

110 citations , November 1984 in “The American Journal of Medicine”

This study observed that children with a genetically transmitted defect in the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor experienced spontaneous healing of rickets as they aged, despite persistent mineral imbalances during treatment.

research Rickets and Alopecia with Resistance to 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D: Two Different Clinical Courses with Two Different Cellular Defects

88 citations , October 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

In this study, distinct clinical responses and long-term resistances were observed in two pediatric patients with vitamin D-dependency type II, associated with abnormalities in their skin fibroblast interactions with 1,25-(OH)2D3.