January 2025 in “Dermatologic Therapy” This review article reports that oxidative stress is a key mechanism in the development of androgenetic alopecia, interacting with genetic and hormonal factors to damage hair follicle cells and potentially informing future treatment strategies.
52 citations
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April 2004 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article proposes three mechanisms by which dihydrotestosterone may contribute to baldness but reports no new research findings.
January 2024 in “Journal of Biosciences and Medicines” This research suggests that recent discoveries of signaling pathways in androgenic alopecia may pave the way for targeted therapies, providing potential new treatment options beyond the current FDA-approved drugs, minoxidil and finasteride.
October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” This review discusses genetic factors and associated diseases linked to androgenetic alopecia but reports no new clinical findings.
30 citations
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December 2017 in “Medical Hypotheses” This review evaluates dihydrotestosterone's role in androgenic alopecia and proposes a model suggesting that chronic scalp tension and inflammation contribute to hair follicle miniaturization, identifying fibrosis, calcification, and tension as treatment targets.
This review compiles existing information on the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia, highlighting its genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors, but reports no new clinical findings.
February 2026 in “Frontiers in Public Health” This review discusses the potential impact of lifestyle factors on the progression of androgenetic alopecia and reports no new clinical findings; the authors emphasize the need for more comprehensive studies.
March 2019 in “Chinese Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses the factors involved in androgenetic alopecia, emphasizing genetic susceptibility as a key contributor and detailing how follicle miniaturization completes the condition's development; it reports no new clinical results.
44 citations
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January 2006 in “Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” This research suggests that testosterone-induced expression of TGF-beta1 and type I procollagen may lead to perifollicular fibrosis in androgenetic alopecia, with finasteride inhibiting this process as a possible mechanism for its effects.
May 2026 in “Canadian Diabetes & Endocrinology Today” This review discusses the psychosocial impact and potential endocrine implications of androgenetic alopecia, particularly noting a moderate impairment in quality of life, but it reports no new clinical results.
November 2001 in “CRC Press eBooks” Androgenetic alopecia, a common hair loss condition, can affect mental health and there are various medical treatments available for it.
June 2026 in “Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases” This study evaluated salmon-derived exosomes combined with microneedling as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia, reporting significant improvements in hair density, follicular health, and scalp microenvironment, with no serious adverse events observed in the 20 patients after 12 weeks.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights various treatments for androgenetic alopecia that target its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, reporting enhanced hair growth, especially when combining drugs, which shows improved outcomes over individual drug use alone.
19 citations
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November 2010 in “PubMed” This review discusses advancements in the genetic understanding of androgenic alopecia and the FDA-approved treatments, including a new laser hair comb, but reports no clinical results.
February 2025 in “European Journal of Dermatology” This review explored the complex mechanisms behind androgenetic alopecia, highlighting genetic influences and factors like increased 5-α reductase and androgen receptors in hair follicles, while identifying microinflammation and oxidative stress as related issues.
This chapter reviews the causes, clinical characteristics, and modern management of male and female pattern hair loss but reports no new clinical results.
January 2015 in “Faculty of 1000 Research Ltd” Androgenetic alopecia may be irreversible due to the detachment of a muscle from hair follicles.
15 citations
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December 2017 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This letter discusses potential pathogenetic links among frontal fibrosing alopecia, androgenetic alopecia, and fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution and reports no new clinical findings.
13 citations
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March 2017 in “Genomics” This study reported that pathways related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, and WNT signaling might be key drivers of hair loss in androgenetic alopecia, guiding potential targets for therapy development.
May 2025 in “The FASEB Journal” This study concluded that TNFRSF1B is a potential pathogenic factor in androgenetic alopecia, suggesting it as a novel therapeutic target.
November 2024 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” In this study, the researchers explored how the loss of structural integrity in hair follicles due to reduced α-SMA expression in the vertex area may contribute to androgenetic alopecia.
November 2017 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Genes controlling hair growth and immune response are disrupted in male pattern baldness.
January 2022 in “Social Science Research Network” This study found that in androgenetic alopecia, the androgen receptor directly increases miR-221 transcription, which suppresses hair growth by targeting IGF-1 and inactivating specific signaling pathways.
33 citations
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August 2015 in “F1000Research” This study presents a new model for androgenetic alopecia progression, explaining diffuse hair loss in women through 3D reconstructions of the arrector pili muscle and its relationship with the hair follicle stem cell niche.
1 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University: Series Medicine” This review discusses recent research on androgenetic alopecia's etiology and pathogenesis, highlighting both androgenic and nonandrogenic factors but reports no new experimental results.
This study presents a new model for the progression of androgenetic alopecia, suggesting that the loss of attachment between the bulge's stem cells and the arrector pili muscle may contribute to irreversible hair miniaturization.
November 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that specific immune cell phenotypes, particularly CD25 on CD4 Treg cells, were causally linked to androgenic alopecia, suggesting potential targets for immune-based therapies.
2 citations
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January 2023 in “International Journal of Biological Sciences” In this study, miR-221 was identified as a key factor in androgenetic alopecia pathogenesis due to its role in suppressing hair growth by interacting with androgen receptors and affecting related pathways.
September 2022 in “Medical Mycology” This study suggests that the presence of Malassezia hyphae may contribute to the development of androgenetic alopecia, as treatment with antifungal agents reduced fungal load and halted hair loss.
November 2025 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study identified elevated CD25 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cells as a genetic risk factor for androgenetic alopecia, with certain plasma proteins acting as mediators in this causal relationship.