25 citations
,
June 1990 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This study found that minoxidil absorption through the skin increased with longer contact times, reaching over 75% of the maximum absorption within four hours.
94 citations
,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” This study found that hair follicles contribute significantly to caffeine absorption shortly after topical application, with a faster absorption rate compared to the stratum corneum.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of personalized medicine” In this study, researchers investigated genetic variants in pharmacogenes affecting tadalafil and finasteride pharmacokinetics, finding fed volunteers had higher drug exposure than fasting individuals, but genetic variation did not significantly impact pharmacokinetics after correcting for multiple comparisons.
November 2025 in “BMC Urology” This study reports that prostate volume, operation time, resected tissue weight, and smoking increase risks of blood loss and fluid absorption during PK-TURP, while finasteride treatment and surgeon experience may reduce these risks.
55 citations
,
September 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” This review examines the main absorption sites and influencing factors for orally administered drugs, highlighting variables such as solubility and gastrointestinal conditions that affect drug absorption in the small intestine and the development of effective drug delivery systems.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences” This study found a negative correlation between lead and calcium levels in the scalp hair and finger nails of exposed and unexposed males, with variations suggesting these tissues can reflect metabolic changes over time.
36 citations
,
July 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” This study demonstrates that confocal laser scanning microscopy can effectively visualize the rapid diffusion and penetration pathway of a dye into the hair follicle in fresh human scalp skin.
18 citations
,
May 2014 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This study found that UVA and UVB exposure increased hydroquinone and sunscreen absorption in nude mouse skin, with less absorption enhancement observed in more lipophilic sunscreens.
30 citations
,
April 1990 in “Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics” This study found that coadministering minoxidil with tretinoin cream increased minoxidil absorption nearly threefold in healthy males, attributed to increased stratum corneum permeability.
February 2024 in “Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo)” This study demonstrated that using a mass spectrometry imaging technique, researchers were able to visualize the incorporation of argan, avocado, and coconut oils into hair fibers, suggesting their potential in cosmetic and alopecia treatments by confirming oil absorption and fiber modification.
January 2022 in “Figshare” Melatonin affects specific gene patterns and biological processes in goat hair growth.
11 citations
,
January 2016 in “International Journal of Biological Macromolecules” This study found that enzymatic phosphorylation of hair keratin increased its capacity to adsorb cationic components like methylene blue and may have practical implications for hair care products.
14 citations
,
February 2011 in “Drug Metabolism and Disposition” This study examined the pharmacokinetics of finasteride in pigs and found that ketoconazole coadministration affected its distribution across various plasma compartments, bile, and urine.
25 citations
,
June 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that using an electrical microneedling device enhanced the penetration of liposomal melanin-fluorescein into hair structures and widened the follicular infundibulum in ex vivo human skin models.
11 citations
,
December 2020 in “Notulae botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca” This study found that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus inoculation and shading improved tea seedlings' growth, nutrient absorption, and stress resistance by enhancing root biomass and regulating phytohormone levels and gene expression.
7 citations
,
January 2002 in “Biological Trace Element Research” This study found that children with pituitary dwarfism had higher zinc and copper hair concentrations and lower manganese concentrations compared to healthy children.
52 citations
,
January 2020 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that nanostructured lipid carriers with clobetasol propionate significantly enhance follicular drug delivery compared to commercial cream, and manual massage further doubles follicular retention.
38 citations
,
February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine” This study found that a testosterone patch and gel showed bioequivalent testosterone levels in hypogonadal men, but the patch mimicked a natural circadian profile, while the gel resulted in higher dihydrotestosterone levels.
82 citations
,
April 1981 in “Clinical endocrinology” This study describes a case of vitamin D resistant rickets in a young girl due to end organ unresponsiveness, highlighting a possible new subtype of the disorder with distinct clinical features.
27 citations
,
September 2018 in “Medicines” This study reported that oleic acid-based nanovesicles improve follicular delivery and reduce side effects of minoxidil compared to traditional MXD lotions.
20 citations
,
January 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” This case report highlights that a postmenopausal woman experienced virilization due to unintentional transdermal absorption of testosterone from her spouse's topical androgen via shared washcloths, underscoring the importance of considering exogenous androgen exposure in similar diagnoses.
6 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of pharmaceutical sciences” This study found that diffusion coefficients of chemicals in artificial sebum are significantly higher than those in stratum corneum lipids, suggesting the hair follicle may significantly contribute to transdermal permeation.
2 citations
,
December 2019 in “Textile Research Journal” This study found that L-cystine-modified rabbit hair fibers had improved dye adsorption and spinnability, due to changes in secondary structure and surface characteristics.
2 citations
,
January 2012 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” This study observed that DDAIP-HCl enhanced the permeation of minoxidil through human cadaver skin, suggesting potential for improved treatment efficacy in male pattern hair loss.
1 citations
,
December 2022 in “Pharmaceuticals” This study found that a sub-fraction of Noni fruit, FEA-3, showed hair growth-promoting effects in a rabbit model of androgenic alopecia, similar to Minoxidil.
October 2025 in “BMC Pediatrics” This case report describes an 8-year-old boy with acrodermatitis enteropathica who showed significant recovery from severe symptoms after receiving a therapeutic zinc supplement.
This study found that topical finasteride was absorbed into the bloodstream to a minimal extent in male rats, even with repeated applications, suggesting low systemic exposure.
1 citations
,
July 2017 in “Microscopy and Microanalysis” In this study using C57BL/6 mice, researchers found that iron oxide nanoparticles permeated skin primarily through hair follicles and sebocytes, with absorption increasing over time.
March 2025 in “Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)” This study developed a biodegradable gelatin and chitosan hemostatic sponge, enhanced with pomegranate peel extract, for dental applications, highlighting its effective antibacterial properties, improved blood absorption, and reduced clotting time, suggesting potential for use in clinical dental and wound care procedures.
This study focused on developing a nanoemulsion-based gel for delivering minoxidil, aiming to enhance its contact time with the scalp and potentially improve skin absorption compared to conventional topical solutions.