Learning From Nudity: Lessons From The Nude Phenotype

October 2005 in “ Experimental Dermatology ”

Lars Mecklenburg, Birte Tychsen, Ralf Paus

Foxn1 gene nude phenotype hairlessness thymus dysgenesis hair follicle epidermis keratinization pharmacological manipulation keratinocyte differentiation protein kinase pathways hair growth disorders hair loss skin biology hair cycles thymus development T-cell maturation

Studysummary This review explores the role of Foxn1 in mammalian skin biology, discussing its influence on hair follicle function and the potential for further research to enhance understanding of epithelial differentiation.

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Research cited in this study

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research Hair Follicle Expression of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Receptors During the Murine Hair Cycle

95 citations , July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

This study observed that vitamin D receptor expression in certain hair follicle cells varies throughout the murine hair cycle, suggesting a potential role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in hair follicle biology.

research FOXN1 Is Critical for Onycholemmal Terminal Differentiation in Nude (Foxn1nu) Mice

58 citations , November 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that mutations in the Foxn1 gene in nude mice affect not only hair but also nail structure and differentiation, offering insights into nail hypergranulosis pathogenesis relevant to human nail diseases.

research Penetration Profile of Microspheres in Follicular Targeting of Terminal Hair Follicles

316 citations , June 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.

research Cyclosporin A: A New Drug in the Field of Canine Dermatology

84 citations , March 2004 in “Veterinary Dermatology”

In randomized controlled trials, this research reports that cyclosporin is as effective as glucocorticoids for treating canine atopic dermatitis and has potential benefits for other immune-mediated skin conditions in dogs.

Hair Growth Induction by the Tellurium Immunomodulator AS101: Association with Delayed Terminal Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes and Ras-Dependent Up-Regulation of KGF Expression

research Hair Growth Induction by the Tellurium Immunomodulator AS101: Association with Delayed Terminal Differentiation of Follicular Keratinocytes and Ras-Dependent Up-Regulation of KGF Expression

51 citations , December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

This study reports that AS101 induced hair growth in mice and suggests potential for treating chemotherapy-induced alopecia in humans, which was observed in case report studies with three adolescents.

Cyclosporin A-Induced Hair Growth in Mice Is Associated with Inhibition of Calcineurin-Dependent Activation of NFAT in Follicular Keratinocytes

research Cyclosporin A-Induced Hair Growth in Mice Is Associated with Inhibition of Calcineurin-Dependent Activation of NFAT in Follicular Keratinocytes

57 citations , June 2003 in “American Journal of Physiology-cell Physiology”

This study found that cyclosporin A treatment enhances hair growth in mice by inhibiting calcineurin-NFAT1 activity, which alters keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis-related gene expression in hair follicles.

research Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Antagonists in Skin and Hair Follicle Biology

176 citations , January 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This review summarizes the roles of bone morphogenetic proteins in the development and regulation of normal and diseased skin, but it does not provide new clinical results.

research Cyclic Alopecia in Msx2 Mutants: Defects in Hair Cycling and Hair Shaft Differentiation

158 citations , December 2002 in “Development”

In this study, Msx2-deficient mice showed progressive hair loss due to shortened anagen phase and prolonged catagen and telogen phases, resulting in cyclic alopecia with structurally abnormal hair shafts.

research Vitamin D3 Analogs Stimulate Hair Growth in Nude Mice

40 citations , October 2002 in “Endocrinology”

In this study, synthetic vitamin D3 analogs stimulated hair growth and formation of normal hair follicles in nude mice, unlike the natural form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3.

Targeted Expression of Human Vitamin D Receptor in the Skin Promotes the Initiation of the Postnatal Hair Follicle Cycle and Rescues Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

research Targeted Expression of Human Vitamin D Receptor in the Skin Promotes the Initiation of the Postnatal Hair Follicle Cycle and Rescues Alopecia in Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice

57 citations , April 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that the vitamin D receptor is crucial for initiating the postnatal hair follicular cycle in mice, preventing alopecia associated with its inactivation.

research Lack of the Vitamin D Receptor Is Associated with Reduced Epidermal Differentiation and Hair Follicle Growth

180 citations , January 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study observed that vitamin D receptor knockout mice exhibit impaired epidermal differentiation and progressive hair loss, suggesting the importance of the vitamin D receptor in normal skin and hair follicle development.

research Targeting Expression of the Human Vitamin D Receptor to the Keratinocytes of Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice Prevents Alopecia

115 citations , December 2001 in “Endocrinology”

This study found that restoring vitamin D receptor expression specifically in the keratinocytes of VDR null mice prevented alopecia and enhanced hair follicle response during anagen initiation.

research Mutant Laboratory Mice With Abnormalities in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis, Cycling, and Structure: Annotated Tables

86 citations , December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology”

This review classifies mutant mice with hair abnormalities into six categories, providing an annotated table that serves as a reference for understanding the molecular controls of hair growth.

research The Nude Gene and the Skin

41 citations , October 2001 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses the molecular and functional aspects of the nude gene in skin biology, providing insights into its role and evolutionary development, but reports no new results.

research Cyclosporin A Promotes Hair Epithelial Cell Proliferation and Modulates Protein Kinase C Expression and Translocation in Hair Epithelial Cells

45 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that cyclosporin A stimulates growth in cultured murine hair epithelial cells and reduces protein kinase C expression, suggesting that these actions may contribute to its hair-growing effects.

research Atrichia Caused by Mutations in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene Is a Phenocopy of Generalized Atrichia Caused by Mutations in the Hairless Gene

139 citations , September 2001 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This case report describes a patient with mutations in both alleles of the vitamin D receptor who exhibited hair loss clinically indistinguishable from generalized atrichia with papules, suggesting a potential genetic pathway shared with the hairless gene.

research Forkhead/Winged-Helix Transcription Factor Whn Regulates Hair Keratin Gene Expression: Molecular Analysis of the Nude Skin Phenotype

75 citations , April 2000 in “Developmental Dynamics”

This study suggests that the structural integrity and physical proximity of Whn's DNA binding and activation domains are crucial for hair keratin gene activation and may explain the nude phenotype.

research Genetically Separable Determinants of Hair Keratin Gene Expression

27 citations , January 2000 in “Developmental Dynamics”

This study reports that a new nude allele, nu(StL), encodes a truncated Whn transcription factor affecting T-cell development and keratin gene expression, with notable differences from the original Whn(nu) mutation.

research Several Selective Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Including Procyanidins Promote Hair Growth

32 citations , January 2000 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology”

In this study, procyanidin B-2 and C-1 were found to promote hair growth by selectively inhibiting protein kinase C, supporting their potential use for hair-growing activity.

research Whn and mHa3 Are Components of the Genetic Hierarchy Controlling Hair Follicle Differentiation

79 citations , December 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Whn is crucial for hair growth in certain areas by controlling a specific gene.

research The Biology of Hair Follicles

1113 citations , August 1999 in “The New England Journal of Medicine”

This article discusses the biologic and psychosocial significance of hair, the current limitations in hair growth drugs, and anticipates future therapies based on advancing hair follicle research.

Ectopic Expression of the Nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

research Ectopic Expression of the Nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

69 citations , August 1999 in “Developmental biology”

This study found that ectopic expression of Whn in transgenic mice caused impaired differentiation in epidermis and hair follicles, with hair growth defects and severe urinary tract issues leading to hydronephrosis.

research Molecular and Functional Aspects of the Hairless (Hr) Gene in Laboratory Rodents and Humans

126 citations , October 1998 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review provides an overview of the hairless gene in mice and humans, discussing its structure, expression, and implications for understanding skin physiology and human disorders related to gene disruption, but it reports no new empirical findings.

research Interleukin-1β Is Differentially Expressed by Human Dermal Papilla Cells in Response to PKC Activation and Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Hair Follicle Growth in Organ Culture

38 citations , March 1997 in “Journal of interferon & cytokine research”

This study suggests that IL-1β produced by dermal papilla cells, regulated by protein kinase C, may inhibit human hair follicle growth through paracrine signaling.

research Bisindolylmaleimide Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Delay the Decline in DNA Synthesis in Mouse Hair Follicle Organ Cultures

11 citations , January 1997 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

This study found that bisindolylmaleimide PKC inhibitors increased DNA synthesis in mouse hair follicles, suggesting that PKC may inhibit hair follicle proliferation.

research An Update of Hair Shaft Disorders

12 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic clinics”

This review outlines the diagnostic criteria for congenital and hereditary hair shaft abnormalities and emphasizes the need to understand the weathering process in assessing these disorders.

research Hair Keratinization in Health and Disease

22 citations , October 1996 in “Dermatologic clinics”

This review summarizes recent advances in understanding intermediate filament structure and their implications for pathological mutations and human diseases, but it reports no new experimental results.

research Effect of Cyclosporin on Hair-Existing Area of Nude Mice

10 citations , July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

In this study, cyclosporin was found to prolong the hair-existing phase in nude mice, while corticosteroids inhibited its effect and suppressed hair regrowth.

research Hair Growth on Nude Mice Due to Cyclosporin A

25 citations , December 1991 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

This study found that cyclosporin A treatment in young nude mice induced dose-dependent hair growth, which stopped after treatment cessation, but did not result in hair growth in older mice.