Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cashmere Quality Differences Between Jiangnan Cashmere Goats and Changthangi Pashmina Goats

The study explores the molecular mechanisms behind cashmere quality differences between Jiangnan cashmere goats (JNCG) and Changthangi pashmina goats (CPG) by analyzing RNA-Seq data from 44 samples. It identifies 4,942 differentially expressed genes, with significant enrichment in pathways related to keratinization, thermogenesis, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which are crucial for hair follicle development and cashmere quality. Key findings include higher expression of keratin-related genes like KRT14 in CPG, while JNCG showed higher expression of genes like IGF1 and FGF5 in the PI3K-Akt pathway. Thermogenesis-related genes such as ATP6 and COX2 were more expressed in CPG, suggesting adaptation to colder environments. These insights provide a foundation for improving cashmere quality and breeding strategies.