COX2-ATP Synthase Regulates Spine Follicle Size in Hedgehogs

January 2023 in “ International journal of biological sciences ”

Jian Zhang, Mengyue Wang, Jingwei Jiang, Weiwei Liu, Siyi Zhou, Dehuan Wang, Miaomiao Wang, Zhenyu Zhao, Zhuwen Xu, Wei Wu, Xin Lin, Jinwei Zhang, Xu Wang, Tao Qu, Rong Zhan, Wanqian Liu, Y Li, Xintao Zhou, Wei Zhou, Mingxing Lei

ATP synthase COX2 hair follicles skin appendages RNA-sequencing mitochondrial gene energy metabolism cell proliferation

TLDR COX2 and ATP synthase control the size of hedgehog spines.

This study investigates how similar skin appendages, such as hedgehog spines and mouse hair, develop into different sizes. It was found that hedgehog spine follicles are significantly larger than mouse hair follicles. RNA-sequencing revealed higher expression of ATP synthases in hedgehog skin, and inhibiting ATP synthase led to smaller spine follicles during regeneration. Additionally, the mitochondrial gene COX2 was identified as an upstream regulator of ATP synthase, influencing energy metabolism and cell proliferation to control spine follicle size. This research highlights the molecular mechanisms that allow different animals to develop skin appendages of varying sizes for environmental adaptation and protection.

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