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This article reviews potential applications and challenges of using the transfollicular route for drug delivery but does not present new clinical findings; it calls for further exploration and development in this field.

This study concludes that phospholipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles may be an effective delivery system for quercetin in treating androgenic alopecia by improving hair regrowth and preventing hair follicle cell apoptosis in rat models.

This study demonstrated that a finasteride-loaded proniosome significantly enhanced transfollicular delivery and hair growth in mice without causing skin irritation, with effects comparable to a 2% minoxidil solution.

This study observed that dissolving microneedles made from PVP-K90 and HPMC E50, incorporating Oryza sativa L. extract complex, showed enhanced transfollicular skin penetration and maintained safety for keratinocytes, with the P25H5 formulation demonstrating faster dissolution and greater effectiveness.

This study found that valproic acid-loaded microemulsion formulations enhanced skin penetration pathways in guinea pigs compared to an aqueous solution, with composition elements like oil content and surfactant ratios significantly affecting drug delivery performance.

This study found that smaller curcumin nanocrystals (60 nm) enhanced transdermal and transfollicular penetration more effectively than larger sizes, influenced by particle size.

This review examines the role of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in percutaneous drug delivery but does not report new clinical results; it calls for further exploration of follicle-targeting therapies.

This review discusses the potential of follicular drug delivery systems to target the pilosebaceous unit and reports no new research findings.

This study found that adapalene-loaded microemulsions significantly enhanced the drug's penetration through guinea pig skin compared to an aqueous suspension, with factors like surfactant ratios and the water-oil phase balance affecting the transfollicular drug delivery efficiency.

This review highlights advancements in transfollicular drug delivery, noting that nanoparticles optimized to 300-400nm improve drug penetration into hair follicles better than conventional formulations, and that novel stimulus-responsive systems offer enhanced targeted delivery for conditions like androgenic alopecia and acne.

Transfollicular drug delivery can improve medication absorption through hair follicles.

Liposomes with certain properties can effectively deliver drugs deep into hair follicles.

This study found that drug delivery through human scalp skin may be more effective for lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs compared to abdominal skin, highlighting the potential of intrafollicular delivery methods.

This review reports that nanoparticles, especially those optimized to 300-400nm, may enhance follicular drug delivery compared to conventional formulations, offering targeted therapy for conditions like androgenic alopecia, acne, and psoriasis.

This study found that artocarpin delivered via alginate/chitosan microparticles effectively suppressed the growth of hamster flank organs compared to artocarpin in solution form, without significant systemic effects.

This study explored a novel finasteride-loaded nanoparticle gel for treating alopecia areata, finding that it significantly increased hair follicle number and size without causing skin irritation, presenting an effective alternative to traditional minoxidil treatments.

This study suggests that a hair lotion containing methyl myristate loaded in cationic niosomes may effectively accelerate pigmentation in aged C57BL/6 mice compared to free methyl myristate.

This study reported that nanoemulsions significantly improved the skin permeability of thiocolchicoside compared to its aqueous solution, suggesting they are effective carriers for its transdermal delivery.

In this study, the researchers observed that the transdermal permeation mechanisms of diclofenac salts differ based on counterions, with varying pathways and routes for passive and iontophoretic transport.

Nanoparticles can improve drug delivery to hair follicles but struggle to penetrate deeper skin layers.

This study found that iontophoresis significantly enhances the skin penetration of magnesium salt of L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, especially in hairy mice, compared to passive diffusion.

This study used confocal Raman microscopy to confirm optical similarity between human and porcine hair follicles, supporting its use in assessing trans-follicular drug delivery.

This study found that finasteride-loaded microemulsions using poloxamer 124 significantly enhanced skin penetration of the drug compared to a standard solution, primarily through targeting hair follicles via the transfollicular pathway, with intercluster, intercellular, and transcellular pathways contributing less.

This study reported that larger caffeine nanocrystals, at 694 nm, increased caffeine bioavailability via transfollicular penetration compared to smaller nanocrystals, especially in long-term serum concentration measurements.

This study synthesized calcium citrate nanoparticles to improve the solubility and reduce the irritation of minoxidil solutions for treating androgenetic alopecia.

This review highlights the hair follicle's structural and functional properties as an effective route for delivering active compounds in treating hair disorders, focusing on emerging carrier technologies to enhance targeted transfollicular delivery.

This study found that transfollicular delivery using surfactant-based nanoparticles significantly enhanced antigen stability and immune response compared to other delivery methods, especially when combined with an adjuvant.

This review discusses recent advancements in cutaneous drug delivery technologies and the potential of transfollicular pathways for improved treatment of skin conditions, but reports no clinical results.

This study suggests that gel containing OSF3 loaded in niosomes offers high transfollicular penetration for topical anti-androgenic alopecia treatment with minimal systemic effect.

This study found that using a standardized protocol with microspheres of approximately 1.5 micrometers enhances penetration into hair follicles, particularly when skin is treated with cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping.