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This paper reviews the development of transdermal drug delivery systems for skin diseases, from first to fourth generation, and highlights ongoing challenges and the importance of clinical trials, but provides no new clinical results.

This study found that newly developed nanogels for transdermal delivery of finasteride were stable, showed excellent drug permeation through the skin, and ensured biocompatibility without causing irritation or toxicity.

This study concluded that a regimen of transdermal estradiol and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate effectively reduces hirsutism while minimizing side effects in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study found that while Sudanese women had good awareness of hormonal contraceptives, they lacked knowledge about emergency contraceptives and non-family planning benefits, with side effects like hair loss influencing their attitudes.

This narrative review concludes that long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to establish clear guidelines for testosterone therapy in women, given the lack of FDA-approved formulations and the variable quality of current treatments.

This review highlights research reporting that oral collagen peptide supplements are effective in enhancing skin elasticity, hydration, and reducing wrinkles, although results vary across studies. Oral supplementation was generally well-tolerated, and further investigation is needed to optimize formulations and explore topical application challenges.

Transethosomes improve drug delivery through the skin and show promise for treating various conditions.

This study developed a stable nanoemulsion using ultrasonic vibrations and Tween 80 emulsifier, which can enhance the antibacterial activity and prolong the shelf life of food products, as well as be applicable in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals for oral and transdermal use.

This review highlights the potential of plant-derived natural compounds as biocompatible and biodegradable materials in dermal and transdermal delivery systems, emphasizing their unexplored benefits and detailing recent advances in isolation techniques and drug delivery technologies.

This study found that the newly developed transdermal oil body microgel emulsion (OBEME) improved wound healing in mice by enhancing skin permeability, reducing inflammation, and promoting new blood vessel formation and re-epithelialization.

This study found that nanoemulsions of different sizes vary in their ability to penetrate skin layers, with smaller sizes aiding transdermal delivery and potential applications in transcutaneous immunization.

This review explores how microneedles can improve the delivery of dermatological treatments by bypassing the skin's outer barrier, discussing their potential use in managing skin diseases, cosmetic applications, and challenges related to clinical adoption.

Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.

In this study, researchers found that chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles improved the iontophoretic transdermal delivery of the positively charged hydrophilic drug donepezil hydrochloride in an ex vivo rat skin model, achieving 2.2 times higher skin accumulation compared to non-coated nanoparticles.

This systematic review suggests that current evidence does not support routinely discontinuing gender-affirming hormone treatments before surgery, especially testosterone and spironolactone, due to limited data on related perioperative risks.

This study found that transdermal testosterone significantly increased the frequency of satisfactory sexual events in women experiencing SSRI/SNRI-related loss of libido, but did not improve overall sexual self-rating scores.

This review explores the use of skin penetration enhancers like Transcutol® in various formulation systems, discussing their mechanisms and effectiveness in improving transdermal drug delivery without breaching the skin.

This review discusses the use of terpenes and invasomes as permeation enhancers for transdermal drug delivery, focusing on their potential applications in pharmaceutical formulations, but it reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses the potential of microneedle arrays for drug delivery and in the cosmetic market, but reports no new clinical results; factors for commercial therapeutic use are explored.

In this study, applying FGF-2-containing dalteparin/protamine nanoparticles to the scalp was associated with a significant increase in hair diameter over six months among participants with thin hair.

This study found that applying benzyl nicotinate on open hair follicles led to a significant increase in blood flow, highlighting the role of the follicular pathway in epidermal penetration.

This review discusses the enhancement of drug penetration through hair follicles and reports no new clinical results while noting the potential for future research on controlled drug release methods.

This study found that a dissolvable microneedle device delivering rapamycin and epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles significantly enhanced hair regrowth in C57BL/6 mice within 7 days, demonstrating increased hair shaft growth and follicle density with minimal inflammation compared to untreated mice.

This study found that testosterone therapy can enhance sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women on oestrogen, though ongoing monitoring and research are needed to assess long-term safety and effects in other groups.

This review highlights recent advances in the design of nanocarrier systems for transdermal drug delivery, detailing their potential to improve treatment precision for dermatologic conditions despite challenges like formulation stability and scalability.

This article discusses the potential of novel microneedle transdermal systems for enhanced drug and vaccine delivery through the skin, but reports no clinical results and emphasizes ongoing trials.

This review discusses the impact of hormones on female sexual function and dysfunction, highlighting the complexity and gaps in basic research, and reports no new clinical findings.

This review discusses treatments for female sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women, noting that the effectiveness of current pharmaceutical options is inconclusive and emphasizing the importance of individualized care.

In this study, researchers developed grooved microneedles made from hyaluronic acid for precise transdermal drug delivery, achieving accurate dosage with a high probability of delivery (98% or more) by using an easy-to-operate applicator for shearing force.

This review highlights recent advances in personalized transdermal drug delivery systems, noting their potential for improved treatment efficacy and safety, but identifies significant challenges in clinical translation.