Advances and Challenges in the Treatment of Skin Diseases with the Transdermal Drug Delivery System

The document "Advance and Challenges in the Treatment of Skin Diseases with the Transdermal Drug Delivery System" discusses the evolution, benefits, and challenges of the Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) in treating skin diseases. The TDDS has evolved from first-generation patches to fourth-generation nanocarriers, improving drug penetration into deeper skin layers. Various techniques like iontophoresis, prodrugs, chemical penetration enhancers, ultrasound, electroporation, and microneedles have been used to enhance drug delivery. The document also discusses the use of lipid vesicular carriers, lipid nanoparticles, emulsion-based carriers, and polymeric nanoparticles in treatment. Despite its potential, TDDS faces challenges like skin atrophy, cytotoxicity, phototoxicity, high costs, complex manufacturing conditions, and lack of standardized evaluation methods. More clinical trials are needed to confirm the efficacy and safety of TDDS.