34 citations
,
December 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” In this study, thymosin beta4 over-expression in transgenic mice was linked to accelerated hair growth and abnormal tooth development, suggesting roles in hair and tooth physiology.
15 citations
,
June 2015 in “PLoS ONE” This study found that thymosin beta-4 overexpression in mice increased hair growth speed and density, likely by regulating P38/ERK/AKT signaling through VEGF expression.
53 citations
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September 2007 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” The researchers reported that thymosin beta 4 promotes hair growth in various rat and mice models by influencing follicle stem cell growth, migration, and differentiation.
18 citations
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April 2016 in “Molecular Genetics and Genomics” This study suggests that thymosin beta 4 may regulate hair growth by influencing VEGF and MMP-2 levels through the Wnt/β-catenin/Lef-1 signaling pathway in mouse models.
37 citations
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April 2013 in “PLoS ONE” In this study, the researchers found that thymosin beta-4 promotes odontoblastic differentiation in human dental pulp cells, suggesting it as a potential mechanism for regenerative endodontics.
May 2005 in “Cancer Research” This study found that over-expression of thymosin beta-4 in transgenic mice accelerated wound healing and hair growth, but did not affect tumor progression despite stimulating tumor metastasis.
98 citations
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December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal” In this study, thymosin beta4 was found to stimulate hair growth in normal rats and mice by affecting key processes in the hair follicle cycle, such as stem cell migration and extracellular matrix remodeling.
15 citations
,
September 2018 in “Applied Biological Chemistry” This review discusses the development of Matrigel and its role in identifying thymosin beta 4 as a regenerative protein, without reporting new experimental findings.
3 citations
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March 2020 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that overexpressing the gene Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) can promote the growth and development of secondary hair follicle dermal papilla cells in cashmere goats, suggesting its potential as a target for increasing cashmere production.
January 2024 in “Inflammation and regeneration” This study identified Th22 cells as key effectors in hair regeneration driven by thymosin beta 15, suggesting they could be potential targets for hair regrowth therapies.
3 citations
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November 2021 in “Protein and Peptide Letters” This review discusses the structural and functional aspects of β-thymosin in invertebrates and reports no new experimental findings.
December 2009 in “생명과학회지” This study found that thymosin β4 is highly expressed in multiple human tissues and may play a role in organ function and angiogenesis through co-localization with VEGF.
18 citations
,
November 2016 in “Transgenic research” This study found that transgenic cashmere goats overexpressing thymosin beta-4 have a higher secondary to primary hair follicle ratio, suggesting potential for increased cashmere yield.
17 citations
,
January 2019 in “International journal of biological sciences” This study found that inserting the Tβ4 gene into cashmere goats increased cashmere yield by 74.5% without compromising quality, suggesting potential economic benefits for goat breeding.
16 citations
,
December 2019 in “Animals” In this study, cashmere goats engineered to overexpress the Tβ4 gene in hair follicles produced more cashmere, indicating that Tβ4 promotes secondary hair follicle development and enhances yield.
53 citations
,
April 2016 in “Stem cell research & therapy” This study reports that LL-37 treatment enhances cell proliferation, migration, and secretion of regenerative factors in adipose-derived stem cells, potentially promoting hair growth in vivo.
7 citations
,
August 2020 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” In this study, QR 678 and QR 678 Neo formulations containing growth factors and peptides were found to be safe in vitro and promoted hair growth in vivo in an animal model, suggesting their potential as treatments for alopecia, including secondary alopecia post-chemotherapy.
August 2019 in “Journal of Invertebrate Pathology” This study observed that different alkaline buffers had a significant impact on the volume of liquid consumed by fall armyworm larvae, emphasizing the importance of measuring imbibed volumes to reduce dose errors in bioassays.
28 citations
,
January 2016 in “Vitamins and hormones” This source reports that thymosin beta 4 accelerated dermal wound repair in phase 2 clinical trials for pressure ulcers, stasis ulcers, and epidermolysis bullosa wounds and was well tolerated.
December 2009 in “Saengmyeong gwahag hoeji/Saengmyeong gwahak hoeji” This study observed that thymosin beta 4 and VEGF have similar expression patterns in various human tissues, suggesting a role in angiogenesis and organ function.
March 2026 in “Bioengineering & Translational Medicine” This study reported that a modified version of Thymosin beta 4, called PEG-rTβ4, demonstrated potential as a treatment for acute myocardial infarction by improving cardiac function and reducing cell death via specific biochemical pathways, suggesting its promise in drug development efforts.
January 2008 in “Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Filologiya” This study found that overexpressing thymosin beta-4 in transgenic cashmere goats could potentially increase cashmere yield by boosting the number of secondary hair follicles.
12 citations
,
December 2022 in “Current Protein and Peptide Science” This review discusses the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of thymosin β4, highlighting its potential benefits for inflammation, wound healing, tumor metastasis, and other medical conditions but reports no new experimental results.
7 citations
,
March 2012 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study presents evidence that specific thymus-derived peptides affect human hair follicle growth, identifying thymulin as a potential hair growth stimulator despite interindividual response variations.
June 2015 in “Han'gug eung'yong saengmyeong hwa haghoeji/Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry” This study found that several small molecule peptides based on thymosin β4 significantly promoted cell proliferation related to wound healing, angiogenesis, and hair growth more effectively than established positive controls.
13 citations
,
January 2021 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine” This review discusses the roles and mechanisms of thymosin β4 in hair follicle growth and development but reports no new experimental findings; the authors emphasize the need for further research on its molecular pathways.
23 citations
,
September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine” This study found that the activation of ER‑β increased keratinocyte proliferation and gene expression related to epidermal regeneration, enhancing wound healing in both cell models and rats.
December 2014 in “Journal of Biomedical Research” In a mouse model of peripheral vascular disease, this study found that recombinant thymosin β4 treatment increased expression levels of certain proteins, promoting angiogenesis.
2 citations
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August 2023 in “Marine drugs” In this study, fish-derived collagen hydrolysate from tilapia scales improved hair growth and skin health in both cellular and mouse models, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation while enhancing hair quality and promoting beneficial gene expression.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture” This study found that JUNB enhances hair regeneration in mice by promoting dermal papilla cell proliferation through the Wnt signaling pathway, suggesting JUNB as a potential molecular target for improving cashmere quality and breeding in cashmere goats.