16 citations
,
November 2020 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” This study found that PEGylation of nanoparticles enhances their penetration into hair follicles, with higher molecular weight PEG resulting in deeper follicular delivery.
14 citations
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September 2016 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” This study observed that mercury-lamp irradiation may cause cleavage of disulfide bonds in keratins of white hair, leading to the formation of thiols in laboratory settings.
3 citations
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January 2019 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found no statistical difference in thiol-disulfide balance between telogen effluvium patients and controls, suggesting oxidative stress may not affect telogen effluvium through this mechanism.
1 citations
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October 2021 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” This study found that individuals with acne vulgaris had significantly higher serum total thiol and thiol disulfide levels, as well as a reduced total thiol/thiol disulfide ratio, compared to healthy controls.
1 citations
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January 2019 in “Turk Dermatoloji Dergisi” This study found that oxidative stress, measured through thiol/disulfide balance, is closely linked to the pathogenesis of telogen effluvium.
1 citations
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March 2016 in “Neurotoxicity Research” In this study, finasteride pretreatment led to EEG changes in rats that suggest a mild reduction in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy.
January 2026 in “Molecules” In this study, the novel thiol-Michael click perming molecule, MA2-CySS, achieved repeatable perming with reduced oxidative damage, preserving hair keratin's structure while maintaining efficiency comparable to traditional oxidative methods.
April 2025 in “Pharmaceuticals” This study found that novel thiol-reactive cross-linking agents, particularly APA, significantly improved the tensile strength and elasticity of human hair fibers by effectively regenerating disulfide bridges, with potential applications for advanced hair repair treatments in the cosmetic industry.
April 2025 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that using 1,4-butylenediamine bismaleimide for hair perming through thiol-Michael click chemistry offers comparable efficiency to conventional oxidative methods, with enhanced durability and reduced damage to hair fibres, preserving mechanical, color, and surface properties.
January 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” This study found that 1,4-n-butylene dimaleate can restore the mechanical properties of reduced hair by reconnecting disulfide bonds and improving the hair's structural integrity using a thiol-Michael click reaction, compared to untreated reduced hair.
June 2023 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” This study observed that female patients with chronic telogen effluvium had significantly lower levels of total thiol, thiol-disulphide, and disulphide compared to healthy controls, indicating a disruption in oxidative stress balance.
September 2016 in “Journal of Engineering and Technological Science” Women with telogen effluvium have an imbalance in thiol-disulphide, suggesting oxidative stress may contribute to hair loss.
December 2023 in “Pharmaceutics” In this study, nanoparticles developed with Minoxidil-loaded thiolated β-CDs showed promise for topical scalp use, as they significantly improved drug retention on hair and displayed no irritation in rabbits.
This study found that nanoparticles developed with minoxidil-loaded thiolated β-cyclodextrins showed improved drug retention on hair surfaces and did not cause skin irritation in rabbits, suggesting potential for topical scalp disease treatment.
December 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” This study found that thiol disulfide homeostasis is balanced in male patients with androgenetic alopecia, though oxidative stress may be more prominent with emotional stress and vitamin D deficiency.
3 citations
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January 1990 in “Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology” Topical thiols may prevent hair loss caused by certain chemotherapy drugs.
111 citations
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August 2002 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” This study reports that 2-(1-Adamantyl)-4H-thiochromen-4-on-6-O-sulfamate is the most potent steroid sulfatase inhibitor identified so far, exhibiting 170-fold higher activity than the lead compound estrone sulfamate.
4 citations
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September 2023 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” This study found that a silver ion cross-linked thiolated protein hydrogel, O3G7, significantly enhanced acute wound healing in mice by increasing collagen content, neovascularization, and reducing inflammation markers compared to a control group.
March 2026 in “Bioengineering & Translational Medicine” This study reported that a modified version of Thymosin beta 4, called PEG-rTβ4, demonstrated potential as a treatment for acute myocardial infarction by improving cardiac function and reducing cell death via specific biochemical pathways, suggesting its promise in drug development efforts.
37 citations
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September 2003 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” This study found that compound 2g inhibits steroid sulfatase effectively without exhibiting estrogenic activity, making it a promising candidate for breast cancer treatment.
December 2015 in “PLOS ONE” This content contains no study findings or new results, instead referring only to statistical methods and figure captions.
June 2013 in “Clinical Neurophysiology” Finasteride improved reflexes and motor activity in rats with liver-related brain issues.
11 citations
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August 2015 in “PLOS ONE” This study found that finasteride has selective effects on oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity in different brain regions in rats with thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy.
October 2025 in “Benha Veterinary Medical Journal” In this study, the researchers reported that both dandelion and safflower extracts protected against liver and kidney damage caused by thioacetamide in rats, with safflower being more effective than both silymarin and dandelion.
17 citations
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August 2014 in “American Journal of Physiology-gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology” This study found that finasteride significantly improved motor, EEG, and cellular changes in a rat model of thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy and prevented the development of hepatic coma.
54 citations
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November 1998 in “Archives of dermatology” This article discusses the potential role of nutritional ingredients, such as thiols and tannins, in triggering pemphigus, and reports no new empirical findings.
20 citations
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September 2018 in “Journal of colloid and interface science” This study found that keratin derivatives with functionalized thiol groups improved binding to both natural and bleached hair fibers, suggesting a promising strategy for enhancing keratin's durability in hair repair.
18 citations
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January 2008 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” This study observed that repeated perm treatments decrease disulfide bonds in hair due to their conversion largely into cysteic acid, affecting the waving efficiency depending on the reduction agent used.
11 citations
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January 2016 in “Biointerphases” This study suggests that the outermost hair cuticle surface is rich in 18-methyleicosanic acid (18-MEA), supporting previous findings of its multilayer lipid and protein structure.
8 citations
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May 2020 in “International journal of biological macromolecules” In this study, researchers evaluated the binding of keratin-associated proteins and α-keratins to human hair fibers, finding that chemical preactivation significantly enhanced binding to natural hair, while perming altered binding characteristics and increased penetration depth.