11 citations,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
34 citations,
December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
1 citations,
January 2015 in “Hair therapy & transplantation” Some supplements and hormones can increase hair loss by raising DHT levels.
7 citations,
January 2020 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Jagged1 and Epidermal Growth Factor together significantly increased hair growth in mice with androgen-suppressed hair.
1 citations,
January 2022 in “Transgender health” Hormone therapy in transgender individuals can increase acne and affect hair growth and loss.
57 citations,
January 2004 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Baldness caused by male hormones in female-to-male transsexuals doesn't increase the risk of heart disease.
176 citations,
August 2000 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hormone treatments in transsexual individuals reduce hair growth and oil production in male-to-females and increase them in female-to-males.
17 citations,
October 2013 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Male pattern baldness may be caused by scalp pressure on hair follicles, which increases with age and leads to a cycle of hair loss. This process is not directly determined by genes.
19 citations,
May 2020 in “American journal of men's health” Testosterone therapy helps boys with hormone deficiencies develop normal male characteristics and grow properly.
2 citations,
February 2021 in “Brain Research” Testosterone affects blood pressure control and inflammation in male rats with endotoxic shock, and blocking certain hormones may help treat it.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
60 citations,
July 2018 in “Circulation” Low testosterone can cause a heart rhythm problem in men, but fixing it can prevent the issue.
53 citations,
May 1986 in “Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism” Androgens like testosterone affect hair growth and oil production differently across body parts and individuals.
45 citations,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
6 citations,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
2 citations,
March 2004 in “Reviews in Gynaecological Practice” Hormonal changes and psychological issues can cause sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Behavioral therapy is recommended first, with hormone replacement helping some symptoms but not libido. Testosterone can improve libido, but its effects on overall sexual function are unclear. Emotional and relationship issues should be addressed before using medication, and the benefits and risks of testosterone supplementation should be considered.
166 citations,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
57 citations,
December 2018 in “JAMA Surgery” Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.
50 citations,
April 2010 in “Biology direct” Low androgen levels might delay prostate cancer but could lead to more aggressive, therapy-resistant cancers.
37 citations,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
35 citations,
October 2011 in “Medicine and science in sports and exercise” Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.
166 citations,
March 2007 in “Hypertension” High androgen levels in young women with PCOS are linked to higher blood pressure.
49 citations,
April 1997 in “Human reproduction” Hormone therapy for excessive hair growth is as good with GnRHa as with high-dose CPA, but GnRHa has longer-lasting results.
37 citations,
April 2013 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Genetic and environmental factors, like smoking and exercise, affect male hair loss.
21 citations,
November 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Cross-sex hormone therapy is important for managing gender dysphoria and requires careful monitoring and healthcare provider education.
19 citations,
October 2017 in “The FASEB Journal” Male hormones cause different growth in identical human hair follicles due to their unique epigenetic characteristics.
13 citations,
July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” Thyroid hormones and androgens affect gene expression in frog reproductive organs differently between males and females.
2 citations,
April 2021 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” Brassica oleracea extract, glucosinlates, and sulforaphane can boost hair growth and might be used to treat hair loss.
2 citations,
January 2011 in “Andrologia” Flutamide and a new synthetic steroid affected brain and prostate chemicals and showed potential for treating androgen-related conditions and epilepsy.
October 2023 in “BMC endocrine disorders” A pineal tumor caused a boy's early puberty, which changed from peripheral to central after treatment.