TLDR Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
The document reviewed the hormonal treatment of transgender women using oral estradiol, focusing on its effectiveness and safety. It analyzed data from 166 transgender women over 10 years, finding that oral estradiol effectively increased serum 17-β estradiol levels in 90% of participants, though there was significant variability in the required dose. Spironolactone impaired estradiol levels and did not aid in testosterone suppression, while finasteride increased testosterone levels. The study emphasized the importance of individualized treatment plans and regular monitoring to manage potential risks, such as thromboembolic events, and to optimize hormone therapy outcomes.
33 citations,
April 2015 in “Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity” 5α reductase inhibitors treat hair loss but may cause sexual side effects and risks.
855 citations,
June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
94 citations,
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52 citations,
January 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride and spironolactone both reduce hirsutism, but finasteride lowers androgen levels more.
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43 citations,
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38 citations,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Finasteride effectively improves hair growth and slows hair loss in men with male pattern baldness.
