37 citations
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May 2018 in “Transgender health” This study found that oral estradiol was generally effective in achieving target 17-β estradiol levels in transgender women, but often failed to suppress testosterone adequately, with variability in individual responses.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” This study found that GnRH-a treatment or orchiectomy, which required significantly lower doses of oral estradiol valerate, were more effective than anti-androgens like spironolactone and finasteride in achieving target hormone levels in transgender females in India.
18 citations
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March 2010 in “Gynecologic and obstetric investigation” This study found that both combined therapy with goserelin and oral contraceptives, and oral contraceptives alone, significantly reduced hair diameter in severe hirsutism without a significant difference between treatments.
16 citations
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August 2014 in “International Journal of Women's Health” The estradiol valerate/dienogest oral contraceptive helps with heavy periods, may improve acne and symptoms in PCOS, and doesn't affect sexual function.
20 citations
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July 1990 in “Clinical and experimental dermatology” In this study, women treated for androgen-dependent alopecia with CPA EE2 therapy experienced significant decreases in serum vitamin B12, hemoglobin, and hematocrit levels after six months.