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Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.

Transgender females can reach their target estrogen levels using estradiol patches, especially if oral treatments fail or if they're at risk for blood clots. Often, the highest dose patch is needed.

Australian doctors experienced in adult transgender healthcare mostly prescribe intramuscular testosterone and oral estradiol, recommend mental health assessments before hormone therapy, and support improved training and guidelines.

Hormone therapy with estradiol and spironolactone can regrow scalp hair in transgender women by lowering testosterone to female levels.

A transman experienced lasting virilization symptoms after stopping testosterone, which were resolved with estradiol treatment.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.

Hormone treatment for transgender patients may not need to be stopped before surgery, but more research is needed, especially on estrogen.

Drospirenone is a unique progestin with anti-water retention and potential blood pressure benefits, used in birth control and hormone therapy.

Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.

DHEA may help with sexual function when used intravaginally by menopausal women but is similar to hormone therapy in other aspects and might cause more side effects like acne and hair loss.

Male hormones may play a role in the development of heart disease, and more research is needed to understand their effects.

Hormone therapy is essential for transgender individuals but requires careful management due to possible metabolic effects.

Hormones affect skin aging and fat distribution, and treatments can help, but only minoxidil is proven for female hair loss.

Women with different PCOS types have similar fertility treatment results.

Gender affects hair and scalp characteristics, with differences in hormone responses, graying patterns, and trace metals.

The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.

The guidelines advise against using testosterone and DHEA in women for most conditions due to safety and effectiveness concerns, but suggest considering testosterone for postmenopausal women with low sexual desire.

Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.

Estrogen loss during menopause worsens skin health, but hormone replacement therapy may improve it, though more research is needed.

Surgeons must understand the full care process for gender confirmation surgery to help transgender individuals effectively.

Hormonal treatment in transgender women reduces semen quality, but stopping treatment may improve it.

Non-binary transgender individuals need personalized hormonal treatments for better well-being and quality of life.

Testosterone therapy can help improve sexual desire and function in postmenopausal women but may cause side effects and is not FDA-approved for this use.

Hormone therapy for transgender females increases the risk of blood clots and requires careful dosing, monitoring, and lifelong management.

The document concludes that non-operative treatment for gender dysphoria is safe and effective, and hormone therapy does not increase cancer risk.

Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.

5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride may not be effective or safe for transgender individuals, and more research is needed.

Progestogens are essential in menopausal hormone therapy to prevent uterine cancer and must be chosen carefully based on individual needs.

The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.