TLDR Women have a higher risk of blood clots from hormonal factors and need careful treatment, especially during pregnancy.
The document from October 18, 2018, reviews the risks and management of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in women, emphasizing the increased risk due to hormonal contraception, pregnancy, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and certain cancers like breast and gynecological malignancies. It notes that VTE incidence is five times higher in women with reproductive risk factors and 2- to 4-fold higher with HRT. The review also discusses the challenges in treating VTE during pregnancy and breastfeeding, with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) being the preferred treatment during pregnancy and several options considered safe during breastfeeding. It highlights the need for risk assessment in women starting contraception or HRT and the importance of thromboprophylaxis, which can reduce VTE risk by up to 60% following cancer surgery. The document also addresses the management of hormonal therapy after a VTE diagnosis, the use of risk stratification tools like HERDOO2 to guide the duration of anticoagulation therapy, and the impact of anticoagulants on bleeding risks and alopecia. It concludes that more research is needed to optimize treatment strategies for women, especially regarding the safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in pregnancy and the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and alopecia as side effects of anticoagulation therapy.
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August 2006 in “Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics” Some patients lost hair after being treated with the drug enoxaparin for a brain vein clot.
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August 2012 in “The international journal of transgenderism/International journal of transgenderism” The guidelines recommend informed consent for gender-affirming treatments and stress the importance of personalized, culturally sensitive care for transgender individuals.
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February 2020 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” Early medical support for transgender youth is important for their health, with low regret for gender-affirming hormone use and a need for knowledgeable care providers.
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June 2009 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” The guideline recommends mental health involvement in diagnosing gender identity disorder and outlines hormone and surgical treatment protocols, emphasizing safety, informed consent, and long-term monitoring.
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February 2013 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The protein StAR is found in 17 different organs and can affect hair loss and brain functions, but its full role is not yet fully understood.
January 2024 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Non-biologic immunosuppressive drugs are crucial for treating autoimmune and chronic inflammatory skin diseases.
