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This chapter reviews the role of androgen receptors in mediating the actions of androgens in specific tissues and provides no new experimental findings.

This review discusses hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency, strongly recommending it for symptom relief and bone protection, but notes a lack of evidence on optimal types and doses.

This review discusses how androgens may regulate wound healing and inflammation, noting that testosterone appears to inhibit healing and promote inflammation, but it reports no new clinical results.

This study found that daily consumption of soft drinks significantly increases the risk of moderate-to-severe acne in adolescents, particularly if sugar intake from these drinks exceeds 100 grams per day.

This review examines androgen replacement therapy in women for treating androgen deficiency symptoms and reports no new clinical results, while noting potential safety within a specific dose range.

This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.

This article reviews sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes and explores the influence of sex hormones on disease severity, but it reports no new results; further studies are ongoing.

This review suggests that quercetin supplementation may benefit ovarian functions and hormonal levels in polycystic ovary syndrome, though further high-quality trials are needed for confirmation.

In this study on rats, rutin showed dose-dependent improvements in hormonal, antioxidant, and lipid profiles related to polycystic ovary syndrome, with effects comparable to metformin.

This study found that lower testosterone levels in male COVID-19 patients were associated with greater disease severity and longer hospital stays.

This review discusses the potential of DHEAS and testosterone treatments to increase muscle mass in older men with sarcopenia, while effects on muscle function and physical performance remain unclear, and calls for further research on optimized approaches.

This study found that 5-α reductase inhibitors do not significantly increase the risk of erectile dysfunction in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia or alopecia, although duration of benign prostatic hyperplasia may elevate risk.

This review discusses the dual role of testosterone in COVID-19 progression and suggests its importance in understanding the disease's mechanisms, highlighting the need for further targeted research.

This study found that male liver cirrhosis patients have higher estradiol levels and lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, leading to hormonal imbalances favoring estradiol, but without changing sex hormone-binding globulin's binding properties.

This review discusses the potential of 4-azasteroids as 5α-reductase inhibitors for treating hirsutism, reporting their promising effects in animal studies but noting no clinical trials have been conducted yet.

This study found that progesterone significantly delayed epileptogenesis development in a mouse model, and its effects were inhibited by finasteride, highlighting the potential role of neurosteroids in modifying epilepsy progression.

This study found that finasteride decreases DHT/T levels more significantly in the vertex scalp hair than in the occipital hair of patients with male pattern baldness.

In this study, testosterone protected female embryonic heart cells from metabolic stress by being converted into metabolites that activate estrogen receptors and up-regulate certain mitochondrial channel proteins.

In this study, androgen receptors were found only in the mane follicles of red deer stags during the breeding season, suggesting their expression is induced by seasonal hormone changes.

This study found that androgenic steroids, particularly androstenedione and androstanedione, significantly reduced the growth of certain dermatophytes, suggesting hormonal influence on fungal infections in hair follicles.

This study found that testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are crucial for synaptic transmission and spine density in male hippocampal neurons, suggesting sex-specific effects of neurosteroids on brain development.

In this study, testosterone increased the expression of epithelial sodium channel proteins and mRNAs in rat kidneys, suggesting a potential mechanism for its effect on blood pressure through enhanced sodium reabsorption.

This study found that low doses of bisphenol A may increase proliferation of the ventral prostate in adult rats by altering the estrogen to androgen ratio and gene expression.

This study found that finasteride impaired object recognition memory and altered hippocampal dendritic structures in male 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting potential sex differences in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

This study found that inhibiting 5α-reductase in molluscs provokes a specific shell morphology, suggesting gastropods might have unique 5α-reductase substrates absent in vertebrates.

In this study, A. capillus-veneris solution demonstrated potential to reduce hair loss and improve hair characteristics in a testosterone-induced alopecia mouse model.

This study in male mice found that testosterone provides strong protection against skin necrosis after ischemia, working through its estrogenic and androgenic derivatives to enhance skin survival and revascularization, with 17β-estradiol being notably more effective than dihydrotestosterone.

This study found that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) suppresses prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β induced IGF-I gene promoter activity in osteoblasts, suggesting complex interactions among bone growth regulators and potential complications from anabolic steroid use.

Finasteride reduces testosterone conversion, progesterone lessens this, and levamisole enhances finasteride's effect.

In this study of healthy men, low levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were associated with higher body mass index, fat content, and insulin resistance, but their effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were similar in quality.