Sex Hormones and Sarcopenia in Older Persons

The 2012 review explored the impact of sex hormones, particularly dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and testosterone, on sarcopenia in older adults. It found that while these treatments can increase muscle mass, their effects on muscle function and physical performance are inconsistent. Studies showed mixed results: some found no significant improvements in muscle strength or function with DHEA, while others reported benefits when combined with resistance training. Testosterone studies varied, with some showing increased lean mass but not strength or performance, and others indicating improved muscle strength and function. Notably, the TOM trial, which included 209 participants with 165 completing the study, was stopped early due to cardiovascular risks associated with testosterone treatment. The review also mentioned a study by Basaria et al. on 76 healthy men aged 21-50, which tested a selective androgen receptor modulator (LGD-4033) and found increased lean body mass without significant side effects. The document concluded that more research is needed to optimize treatments and to balance the benefits of testosterone in preventing sarcopenia against potential cardiovascular risks. It also suggested that future trials should consider multifaceted interventions including exercise and nutrition.