Acne

In 1997, research on acne vulgaris revealed its significant psychosocial impact, including scarring and mental health issues like depression and anxiety. A new questionnaire involving 168 subjects assessed the quality of life in acne patients, while a study on 13 male patients found a link between self-excoriative behavior and psychological distress. Studies on the pathophysiology of acne focused on factors like follicular hyperkeratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammatory mediators. Research indicated that increased cell proliferation and altered cytokine levels were involved in acne development, and higher levels of DHEAS were associated with acne onset. A study with 36 women showed a correlation between acne severity and DHEAS and free testosterone levels, while another with 82 female patients found higher levels of IGF-1 in those with acne. Isotretinoin was noted to decrease serum androgen levels, and the activity of the 5α-reductase enzyme in sebaceous glands was higher in acne-prone skin. Antibiotic resistance in P. acnes was also a concern, with a study of 21 patients showing that a combination of benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin significantly reduced resistant strains. A study of 185 acne patients revealed a 95% incidence of facial scarring, emphasizing the importance of early treatment. Long-term studies on isotretinoin showed it to be safe, and new retinoids like adapalene and tazarotene were promising in treatment. The document underscores the need for ongoing research to improve acne treatment strategies.