Testosterone Protects Female Embryonic Heart H9c2 Cells Against Severe Metabolic Stress by Activating Estrogen Receptors and Up-Regulating IES SUR2B

This study in male mice found that testosterone provides strong protection against skin necrosis after ischemia, working through its estrogenic and androgenic derivatives to enhance skin survival and revascularization, with 17β-estradiol being notably more effective than dihydrotestosterone.

This study found that altered testosterone metabolism and changes in cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenase expression are significantly associated with cardiac hypertrophy in human hearts and spontaneously hypertensive rats.

This study found that administering a supraphysiological dose of testosterone to female rats significantly reduced estrogen and progesterone levels, disrupted sex steroid receptor expression, and interfered with the embryonic implantation window, indicating potential implications for androgen-related endometrial conditions.

This study found that while testosterone administration reduced myocardial damage in gonadectomized rats after ischemia/reperfusion injury, Finasteride led to greater improvements, whereas 4-hydroxyandrostenedione worsened outcomes.

This in vitro study found sex chromosome differences affect steroidogenic enzyme activity and androgen receptor expression in human skeletal muscle cells, showing varied responses to testosterone exposure between 46XY and 46XX cells.