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This review discusses the potential autoimmune pathogenesis and various contributing factors of alopecia areata, noting that current treatments remain palliative while emerging therapies offer new hope for extensive cases.

This systematic review found that Janus kinase inhibitors have shown beneficial effects for psoriasis and alopecia areata, with promising preliminary results in other skin conditions, though more research is needed to define dosing and safety profiles.

This article reviews lichen planopilaris, a chronic scarring alopecia, and explores recent treatment developments, but it reports no new clinical results.

This review explores animal models of alopecia areata, particularly focusing on the insights they've provided into the disease's immune mechanisms and potential treatment approaches, without reporting new experimental data.

This review identifies shared interferon gamma-driven immune pathways in vitiligo and alopecia areata, revealing potential targets for new treatments, but reports no clinical results.

This study suggests that CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the development of alopecia areata, based on observations in rodent models that mimic human autoimmune disease.

This review discusses the complex causes and treatment challenges of chronic inflammatory skin diseases, emphasizing the need for biomarkers to predict treatment responses; it reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the relationship between psoriasis and autoimmunity, focusing on autoimmune co-morbidities, but reports no new research findings.

This study found that MDSC exosomes promoted partial hair regrowth and modulated immune responses in mice with alopecia areata, suggesting potential as a treatment for autoimmune diseases.

This article discusses the phases and histological features of alopecia areata and reports no new clinical findings; the authors emphasize recognizing these phases for accurate diagnosis.

This review discusses the potential of JAK inhibitors as a promising treatment strategy for alopecia areata, highlighting their mechanism and recent FDA approval based on clinical trial efficacy.

This review discusses the current understanding of androgen biosynthesis, mechanisms of action, and their roles in human biology, as well as related congenital and acquired disorders, but it reports no new research findings.

This study found that cyclosporine A treatment at 5 mg/kg/day may reduce inflammation and promote gland regeneration in dogs with sebaceous adenitis, though symptoms returned when treatment stopped.

This study found that reduced expression of CD200R1 on monocyte-derived macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly associated with higher disease severity and an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells.

This review discusses immune pathways involved in alopecia areata and explores emerging, more targeted therapeutic strategies, noting their potential for better safety and effectiveness compared to traditional immune suppressants.

This review highlights similarities in the development of thymus and skin epidermis, reporting no new results; the authors emphasize shared molecular mechanisms despite different embryonic origins.

This study found that 363 genes were differentially expressed in alopecia areata skin compared to non-lesional skin, suggesting T-cell mediated immune responses and distinct gene profiles related to the disease's stage.

This article reviews the therapeutic use of interferons and other cytokines in various viral, tumorous, and inflammatory diseases, discussing their biological effects and potential future applications without presenting new experimental results.

This article reviews sebaceous immunobiology and highlights the complex role of sebaceous glands and sebocytes in skin barrier function and inflammation, particularly in acne pathogenesis, but reports no new results.

This preliminary study observed that topical nitrogen mustard was beneficial for only 1 out of 6 patients with extensive alopecia areata, with 4 patients not completing the trial.

In this case report, two plywood mill workers developed allergic contact dermatitis due to exposure to uncured phenol-formaldehyde resin, not sawdust as initially suspected.

This review discusses the range of cutaneous immune-related adverse events induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and the proposed mechanisms underlying these skin reactions, but reports no new clinical results.

This case report describes the first known instance of fixed drug eruption linked to finasteride, confirmed through an oral challenge test that reproduced symptoms at the same skin site.

In this study, hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stromal cells showed potential for immunomodulation, with equivalent or superior responses compared to those from adipose tissue, suggesting a promising alternative cell source.

This chapter reviews common drug-related and systemic disorder-induced alopecias, focusing on their epidemiology, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment, but reports no new findings.

This study reported that using UVB preirradiation and anti-CD154 antibody treatment in a humanized mouse model prolonged hair follicle allograft survival and reduced immune cell infiltration without needing generalized immunosuppression.

This study found that topical application of Astragalus membranaceus extract induced hair regrowth and reduced immune response markers in mice with natural hair loss.

This study reported that the most reliable way to differentiate alopecia areata from androgenic alopecia is by detecting intrafollicular CD3 and CD8 cell density, with CD3 being the most specific and sensitive marker.

This article reviews the autoimmune mechanism and potential environmental triggers of alopecia areata, focusing on cytokines, but does not provide new research findings.

This study developed immortalized human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells (iHF-MSCs) as a consistent source of therapeutic secretome, reporting their superior immunomodulatory and regenerative performance, potentially advancing cell-free therapies for inflammation and tissue repair.