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In this review, the potential role of the hormone prolactin in skin biology and its implications for treating skin diseases and hair disorders are explored, with a focus on its stress-related impacts and possible immunomodulatory function in the context of COVID-19.

This study found that placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing PRL-1 inhibited adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts from Graves’ ophthalmopathy patients by modulating specific signaling pathways, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.

This review discusses the possible impacts of prolactin on skin conditions like psoriasis, alopecia, and stress-related dermatoses, emphasizing the need for further research to explore its therapeutic potential.

This research found that melatonin has a bidirectional effect on hair follicle stem cell survival, improving it at low doses and inhibiting it at high doses.

This study identified TGF-β2 as a crucial signal in hair follicle stem cell regeneration, highlighting its role in counteracting BMP signaling to promote tissue regeneration.

This study found that the vitamin D receptor, but not its ligand, regulates genes involved in hair cycle progression, suggesting a role in integrating hormone signaling pathways for hair and epidermal functions.

Oestrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone affect prolactin and its receptor in human skin and hair, suggesting new treatment options for related conditions.

This study suggests that prolactin has complex, gender- and location-dependent effects on human hair follicles, promoting hair growth in female frontotemporal scalp areas while inhibiting it in male occipital regions.

This study explored the genetic regulation of goose feather follicle development, identifying miR-200a as a key regulator that inhibits GEDF proliferation through the Wnt pathway, potentially impacting goose down quality and supporting selective breeding strategies.

This review highlights the critical role of microRNAs in regulating hair follicle biology, significantly impacting wool and cashmere development by modulating gene expression and signaling pathways in sheep and goats.

The researchers reported that in mice, prolactin signaling in the skin epithelium inhibits hair follicle stem cell activation, promoting quiescence during periods of high serum prolactin like pregnancy and lactation.

This study found that telomere shortening disrupts BMP/pSmad/P63 signaling, leading to skin atrophy via Follistatin up-regulation, and suggests potential therapeutic targets.

This study found that PRL-1-overexpressing PD-MSCs reduced adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts from Graves' ophthalmopathy patients by secreting IGFBPs and modulating the FAK pathway.

In this study, bromocriptine's inhibition of prolactin promoted secondary follicle development during anagen in cashmere goats, likely via changes in specific gene expressions, despite not affecting fiber characteristics or primary follicle activity.

This study found that GLI2 plays a key role in activating follistatin, an activin/BMP antagonist, in response to hedgehog signaling in human epidermal cells, with implications for hair follicle development and basal cell carcinoma.

In this study, maternal melatonin implantation in pregnant rabbits reduced hair follicle cell apoptosis and increased hair follicle density in their neonatal offspring, suggesting a beneficial impact on hair follicle development mediated through specific molecular pathways.

This study found that obesity in women may impair endometrial stromal function and contribute to reproductive complications, possibly due to metabolic influences rather than immune cell differences.

ABS-201 may effectively promote hair growth in men by targeting the prolactin receptor.

This study observed that applying JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors to mouse and human skin led to rapid hair growth by inducing the anagen phase of hair follicles.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is crucial for cell fusion in placental development.

In this study, miR-218-5p was found to enhance hair shaft growth and positively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway by targeting SFRP2 during skin and hair follicle development.

This study suggests that miR-182 may play an essential role in hallux valgus development by regulating FGF9 expression, indicating a potential therapeutic target for its treatment.

This study observed that androgen treatment increased ROS production and TGF-β1 secretion in rat hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting that the androgen-induced TGF-β1 is mediated by ROS.

This study found that PBX1 enhances the proliferation and reprogramming of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells by activating the AKT/GSK3β signaling pathway, promoting NANOG expression, and inhibiting apoptosis.

In this study, researchers found that hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells, modified to overexpress extracellular matrix protein 1, significantly improved liver function and reduced liver damage in cirrhotic mice by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and TGF-β/Smad signaling.

This review discusses prolactin production and regulation in human skin and hair follicles, highlighting its potential broader implications but reports no new empirical results.

This review explores potential indications for prolactin receptor inhibitors beyond breast and prostate cancers, emphasizing the need for potent antibodies to further research prolactin receptor expression.

This study found that prolactin is a key regulator of keratin expression in human hair follicles, enhancing specific keratin types and influencing epithelial stem cell-associated keratins.

This study found that Plakophilin 1 regulates innate immune responses in keratinocytes by controlling RNA helicase activity, balancing inflammation during epidermal immune challenges.

This article discusses the role of human hair follicles in neuroendocrinology and suggests potential new therapeutic targets by examining how neuromediators influence hair growth, pigmentation, and stem cell biology in organ cultures.