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Spironolactone is effective for treating acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia in women with few side effects.

Testosterone replacement may help some postmenopausal women with symptoms like fatigue and low libido, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.

Antiandrogens affect androgen-dependent body functions and are used for various medical conditions, with some risks like fetus feminization, but new forms like 17α-propylmesterolone show promise for acne without systemic effects.

Improving skin barrier and using antifungal treatments can help manage dandruff.

The Foxn1 gene mutation causes hairlessness and immune system issues, and understanding it could lead to hair growth disorder treatments.

The conclusion is that managing androgen excess requires long-term treatment, including hormonal contraceptives and androgen blockers, with follow-up after six months.

Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.

Drugs penetrate scalp skin better than abdominal skin, with scalp hair follicles aiding in higher drug delivery.

Best hair growth results from combining finasteride and minoxidil.

Norgestimate is the most effective birth control progestin for reducing an enzyme linked to acne and excessive hair growth in women.

Minoxidil promotes hair growth but stops working when discontinued.

Liver transplantation is a viable option for children with propionic acidemia, improving quality of life and diet, but does not remove all risks and long-term brain outcomes are uncertain.

Androgens play a role in female sexual function, and testosterone therapy can help women with low sexual desire, but more research is needed on treatments and long-term safety.

Minoxidil and finasteride treat hair loss; more research needed for other options.

Traditional Chinese medicines with heavy metals can cause severe poisoning.

European guidelines recommend regular eye and ear exams, skin care, vitamin D supplements, and cautious use of medications for managing congenital ichthyoses.

The conclusion is that the best initial treatment for hirsutism is usually oral contraceptives, with the addition of antiandrogens or insulin sensitizers if needed, and topical eflornithine or laser treatments as supplementary options.

Kennedy's disease leads to muscle weakness and sensory issues, has no cure but manageable symptoms, and future treatments look promising.

The topical inhibitor CUR61414 was not effective in treating basal cell carcinoma in human trials.

The 308-nm excimer laser is a promising treatment for vitiligo with varying success and mild side effects.

Squarticles effectively deliver hair growth drugs to follicles and dermal papilla cells.

Nanocrystals improve skin penetration and stability of caffeine, suggesting a new method for delivering similar substances through the skin.

Nanoparticles around 600-700 nm can effectively enter and stay in hair follicles for days, which may help in delivering drugs to specific cells.

LCN may improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.

Minoxidil use in children may cause heart issues.

Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.

Liposomes improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment, making it a promising option for topical use.

Minoxidil promotes hair growth by penetrating skin, with ethanol-containing formulas working best.

Medium lipophilic substances penetrate skin best, and adding ethanol can increase delivery to hair follicles.

Higher minoxidil concentration (5%) works better for severe hair loss, with most patients seeing regrowth in 48-60 weeks.