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The enzymes 5α-reductase and 3α/β-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase help create brain-active substances from progesterone and testosterone, which could be used for treatment, but more research is needed to ensure their safety and effectiveness.

Post-finasteride patients show changes in gut bacteria, possibly causing various symptoms.

Liquorice may reduce testosterone and affect male reproductive organs, potentially helping treat conditions like prostate cancer.

New treatments for prostate cancer and BPH show promise, including novel compounds that target hormone synthesis and response.

We need better ways to test and understand SARMs to make safer and more effective treatments.

New hormonal treatments for enlarged prostate show promise for safer, effective non-surgical options.

The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.

Finasteride changes antioxidant enzyme expression, possibly affecting sperm protection in rats.

Hormone therapy may increase migraines in transgender women and decrease them in transgender men; more research is needed on migraine management in transgender individuals.

Testosterone is crucial for development, growth, and various body functions in mammals.

Many children and teens referred to gender services receive hormone treatments, but more research is needed on their long-term care and outcomes.

PF-05314882 selectively activates androgen receptors without much effect on prostate and may help in prostate cancer treatment and hair loss prevention.

The document concluded that various dermatological treatments have different effectiveness and side effects, with some causing irritation, allergic reactions, or systemic effects.

Animal research has greatly advanced dermatology.

The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.

Finasteride can have lasting negative effects on brain function and behavior by disrupting neurosteroid production.

A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.

Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.

Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.

The document does not confirm if radical prostatectomy is the best treatment for locally advanced prostate cancer.

Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can increase heart risks, especially in men with heart conditions.

Uterine transplants for transgender women are feasible but need more research.

Androgens increase muscle mass by promoting myoblast growth through ornithine decarboxylase.

Estrogen can temporarily slow down hair growth but this can be reversed.

Two new compounds were found to build bone and muscle without affecting reproductive organs and skin oil glands.

Muscles can make their own androgens, which may help muscle growth.

There are various effective hormone treatments for puberty induction in boys and girls with hypogonadism, and starting treatment early is important.

Testosterone raises blood pressure and changes kidney protein levels.

Cimicifuga racemosa extract may help prevent and treat prostate issues by inhibiting 5α-reductase.