Androgen Effects in Mammals

The document discussed the multifaceted roles of testosterone in mammals, emphasizing its critical functions in reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Testosterone influenced fetal development, puberty, and adult physiological processes, including sexual differentiation, somatic growth, muscle and bone health, hematopoiesis, and cognitive functions. Its effects were mediated through conversion to active metabolites like dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol. The document also covered the mechanisms of testosterone secretion, transport, and metabolism, and the regulatory role of luteinizing hormone (LH). Additionally, it reviewed testosterone replacement therapies and their benefits and drawbacks, particularly in older men, noting the need for more research to confirm long-term risks and benefits.