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Smad1 and Smad5 are essential for hair follicle development and stem cell sleepiness.

FoxN1 overexpression in young mice harms immune cell and skin development.

Mice with LSS deficiency showed hair loss and cataracts, similar to humans, and can help in understanding and treating this condition.

The STIM1 R304W mutation in mice leads to bone changes and teeth hair growth.

Understanding and manipulating epigenetic changes can potentially lead to human organ regeneration therapies, but more research is needed to improve these methods and minimize risks.

Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.

Lgr5 is a marker for active, self-renewing stem cells in the intestine and skin, important for tissue maintenance.

Certain proteins, Lgr5 and Lgr6, are important markers of adult stem cells and are involved in tissue repair and cancer development.

Androgens may cause hair loss by increasing TGF-beta1 from scalp cells, which inhibits hair cell growth.

Cystatin M/E strongly inhibits cathepsin V and cathepsin L, important for skin formation.

Mutant CDP/Cux protein causes hair defects and reduced male fertility in mice.

Keratin 15 is not a reliable sole marker for identifying epidermal stem cells because it's found in various cell types.

The skin protects the body and is constantly renewed by stem cells; disruptions can lead to cancer.

The TGF-β family helps control how cells change and move, affecting skin, hair, and organ development.

TGF-β1 from dermal papilla cells suppresses hair growth, and targeting it may help treat androgenetic alopecia.

A20 protein is crucial for normal skin and hair development.

The nude gene causes skin cell overgrowth and improper development, leading to hair and urinary issues.

New LPA receptors (LPA4, LPA5, LPA6) have diverse roles in the body.

Mice lacking Insig proteins had hair growth problems due to cholesterol buildup, but this was fixed by the drug simvastatin.

Activating Notch in adult skin causes T cells and neural crest cells to gather, leading to skin issues.

PTHrP and its receptor can control blood vessel growth and hair development in mouse skin.

Enzyme replacement therapy improved multiple symptoms of homocystinuria in mice.

Mice with CBS deficiency are healthier on a low-methionine diet.

The review found that different stem cell types in the skin are crucial for repair and could help treat skin diseases and cancer.

R-spondins and their receptors help increase bone growth and may be used to treat bone loss diseases.

New treatments for hair loss may target specific pathways and generate new hair follicles.

A rare ITGB6 gene variant causes intellectual disability, hair loss, and dental issues.

Methionine restriction works better than betaine for treating CBS deficiency symptoms in mice.

ACBP is essential for healthy skin and fur by maintaining the skin's barrier function.

MC-DNA vector-based gene therapy can temporarily treat CBS deficiency in mice.