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GlossaryMajor Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

set of genes crucial for immune system's pathogen recognition

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a set of genes that play a crucial role in the immune system by helping the body recognize and respond to foreign substances. These genes produce proteins found on the surface of cells that present fragments of pathogens to immune cells, triggering an immune response.

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research Alopecia Areata Susceptibility Variant in MHC Region Impacts Expressions of Genes Contributing to Hair Keratinization and Is Involved in Hair Loss

19 citations, July 2020 in “EBioMedicine”

A gene variant increases the risk of a type of hair loss by affecting hair protein production.

research MHC Class I-Like MILL Molecules Are β2-Microglobulin-Associated, GPI-Anchored Glycoproteins That Do Not Require TAP for Cell Surface Expression

16 citations, September 2006 in “The Journal of Immunology”

MILL molecules are unique immune proteins in mice that don't need TAP to appear on cell surfaces.

T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

research T-Cell Induced-Self MHC Class I/Peptide Complexes May Enable De Novo Tolerance Induction to Neo-Antigens Occurring Outside of the Thymus

8 citations, October 2016 in “Experimental dermatology”

Hair follicles may help teach the immune system to tolerate new self-antigens, but this can sometimes cause hair loss.

Alopecia Areata Susceptibility Variant Identified by MHC Risk Haplotype Sequencing Reproduces Symptomatic Patched Hair Loss in Mice

research Alopecia Areata Susceptibility Variant Identified by MHC Risk Haplotype Sequencing Reproduces Symptomatic Patched Hair Loss in Mice

April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A gene variant causes patched hair loss in mice, similar to alopecia areata in humans.

research Studies of the Modulation of MHC Antigen and Cell Adhesion Molecule Expression on Human Dermal Papilla Cells

August 1994 in “Journal of dermatological science”

Different substances affect hair and skin cell growth in various ways, with some promoting and others inhibiting cell proliferation.

research Down-Ranking the Threat of HSV-1: RANKL Upregulates MHC Class I Restricted Anti-Viral Immunity in Herpes Simplex Virus Infection

2 citations, November 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

RANKL improves the immune response against herpes simplex virus by enhancing T cell activation and could help develop better treatments or vaccines.

research Quiescent Tissue Stem Cells Evade Immune Surveillance

169 citations, February 2018 in “Immunity”

Inactive stem cells in hair follicles and muscles can avoid detection by the immune system.

research Probing the Effects of Stress Mediators on the Human Hair Follicle

159 citations, December 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology”

Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.

research Transplantation Immunology: Solid Organ and Bone Marrow

139 citations, February 2010 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Transplant success has improved with better immunosuppressive drugs and donor matching.

research Immunology of the Human Nail Apparatus: The Nail Matrix Is a Site of Relative Immune Privilege

139 citations, October 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The nail matrix has a reduced immune response, protecting it from autoimmunity.

research Controlled Delivery of T-box21 Small Interfering RNA Ameliorates Autoimmune Alopecia in a C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

69 citations, February 2008 in “The American journal of pathology”

Controlled delivery of specific RNA and IL-4 restored hair growth in mice with autoimmune alopecia.

research Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) May Award Relative Protection from Interferon-γ-Induced Collapse of Human Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

47 citations, December 2011 in “Experimental Dermatology”

CGRP may help protect hair follicles from immune system attacks, potentially slowing hair loss.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations, December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Certain genetic markers, especially the MICA gene, are linked to alopecia areata.

research Evaluation of the Relationship Between Alopecia Areata and Viral Antigen Exposure

19 citations, August 2017 in “American journal of clinical dermatology”

Hepatitis B virus exposure may be linked to increased risk of alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata: A Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress, Possible Biomarkers, and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches

15 citations, January 2023 in “Antioxidants”

Oxidative stress plays a significant role in alopecia areata, and new treatments may include JAK inhibitors and antioxidants.

research Self Prion Protein Peptides Are Immunogenic in Lewis Rats

14 citations, December 2001 in “Journal of autoimmunity”

Rats can develop an immune response to prion protein peptides, but it may cause severe skin issues in older rats.

Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Alopecia Areata Mouse Hair Loss and Reduce Inflammation Around the Hair Follicle

research Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decrease Alopecia Areata Mouse Hair Loss and Reduce Inflammation Around the Hair Follicle

11 citations, October 2021 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

Hair follicle stem cells reduced hair loss and inflammation in mice with a condition similar to human alopecia.

Exacerbation of Alopecia Areata During Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin Therapy, Possibly Due to the Collapse of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

research Exacerbation of Alopecia Areata During Pegylated Interferon Alpha-2b and Ribavirin Therapy, Possibly Due to the Collapse of Hair Follicle Immune Privilege

10 citations, September 2014 in “European Journal of Dermatology”

A woman's hair loss worsened after starting hepatitis C treatment due to immune changes in her hair follicles.

research Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals a Senescence-Associated IL-6/CCR6 Axis Driving Radiodermatitis

9 citations, July 2022 in “EMBO molecular medicine”

Blocking certain immune signals can reduce skin damage from radiation therapy.

Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen in 13 Cases of Familial Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: CYP21A2 Gene p.V281L Mutation from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Linked to HLA Class I Haplotype HLA-A*33:01; B*14:02; C*08:02 as a Genetic Marker

research Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen in 13 Cases of Familial Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: CYP21A2 Gene p.V281L Mutation from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Linked to HLA Class I Haplotype HLA-A33:01; B14:02; C*08:02 as a Genetic Marker

7 citations, January 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

A genetic marker linked to a type of hair loss was found in most patients studied.

research Human Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Lower Dermal Sheath as a Competitive Alternative for Immunomodulation

7 citations, January 2022 in “Biomedicines”

Cells from the lower part of hair follicles are a promising, less invasive option for immune system therapies.

research Two Mouse Mutations Mapped to Chromosome 11 with Differing Morphologies but Similar Progressive Inflammatory Alopecia

7 citations, May 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Two mouse mutations cause similar hair loss despite different skin changes.

research UVB-Induced Depletion of Donor-Derived Dendritic Cells Prevents Allograft Rejection of Immune-Privileged Hair Follicles in Humanized Mice

6 citations, November 2018 in “American journal of transplantation”

UV light helped human hair transplants survive in mice without broad immunosuppression.

research Alopecia Areata Multiplex Following Autologous Dermal Micrograft Injection for Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia

4 citations, May 2019 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Hair loss treatment caused more hair loss in a man.

research Case of Alopecia Induced by Sorafenib, Possible Mechanism Similar to Alopecia Areata

4 citations, November 2017 in “The Journal of Dermatology”

Sorafenib may cause hair loss in a way similar to alopecia areata.

research The Function and Structure of the Skin

4 citations, November 2014

The skin protects the body, regulates temperature, senses touch, and makes vitamin D.

research Immune Privilege and Alopecia Areata

4 citations, April 2010 in “Expert review of dermatology”

Restoring immune privilege in hair follicles could help treat certain types of hair loss.

Selective Delivery of Tofacitinib Citrate to Hair Follicles Using Lipid-Coated Calcium Carbonate Nanocarriers Controls Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Areata

research Selective Delivery of Tofacitinib Citrate to Hair Follicles Using Lipid-Coated Calcium Carbonate Nanocarriers Controls Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia Areata

3 citations, May 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

A new treatment using nanoparticles can effectively prevent and reduce hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

research Possible Role of ILC1 in the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata

3 citations, April 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

ILC1 cells contribute to hair loss in alopecia areata.

research Alopecia Areata Is Associated With MICA and an Extended HLA Haplotype

1 citations, March 2004 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology”

Certain genes are linked to the risk of developing Alopecia Areata.