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This review outlines the current state and future prospects of using layer-by-layer self-assembly for cell encapsulation in biomedical applications, such as cell-based biosensors, transplantation, and tissue engineering, while also discussing its limitations and potential advancements.

This study developed microfluidic-assisted GelMA-MSC/HAD-EPC microspheres that efficiently generated hair follicles in nude mice, suggesting a promising strategy for advancing hair-regenerative medicine.

This study found that using layer-by-layer encapsulation techniques on dermal papilla cells can support their function and may help treat hair loss when used in conjunction with freshly isolated epidermal cells.

This study developed innovative silica/natural polysaccharide hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating plant-derived 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, reporting effective controlled release at hair follicle pH and lower cytotoxicity, suggesting a promising delivery system for antiandrogenic treatments.

This study found that adapalene-loaded nanospheres in a hyaluronic acid gel enhanced skin penetration and were nonirritant, making them potentially suitable for treating acne on oily skin.

In a study using an AGA mouse model, researchers observed that a novel topical gel combining hybrid extracellular vesicles, gold nanoparticles, and finasteride accelerated hair regrowth and improved hair quality more effectively than conventional minoxidil treatment, presenting a promising option with fewer side effects.

In this study, researchers found that in hairy guinea pig skin, minoxidil delivered via 40-nm nanoparticles had higher skin penetration than 130-nm nanoparticles, indicating nanoparticle size affects permeation.

This review discusses the design strategies and applications of long-acting polymeric microneedles, noting their potential to improve patient compliance and reduce side effects in chronic disease management, but reports no new experimental results.

This study observed that liposomes encapsulating minoxidil and PEP penetrate the skin at a slower rate but may reach deeper layers compared to a foam formulation.

This study found that finasteride delivered through a nano-transferosomal gel showed improved penetration through skin layers compared to a conventional gel, suggesting a potential alternative for oral administration.

In this study, ethosomes were more effective than liposomes for delivering finasteride through human skin, showing higher transdermal flux and accumulation, especially in deeper skin layers.

In this study, a novel liposomal formulation combining caffeine and cafestol significantly enhanced their penetration into human skin layers, with formulation F9 doubling caffeine and greatly increasing cafestol levels in the dermis, suggesting potential for improved topical delivery.

This study developed polymer nanoparticles with and without chitosan coating to deliver dutasteride to hair follicles for treating androgenic alopecia. Both nanoparticle types showed controlled drug release and enhanced follicle targeting, especially with mechanical stimulus, supporting their potential as effective topical carriers in skin layers.

This study introduced a rapid rehydration approach for creating customizable, multifunctional hydrogel sensors, enabling precise detection of surface deformations and easy integration of layers, highlighting its potential for standardized and adaptable manufacturing of wearable devices.

This study reported that encapsulating minoxidil in transferosomes and transethosomes can enhance skin permeability and drug retention compared to its conventional formulation, potentially increasing efficacy in androgenic alopecia treatment while reducing side effects, especially when transethosomes contain oleic acid.

In this study, curcumin was successfully encapsulated in ethyl cellulose and its blend with methyl cellulose, enhancing its skin penetration efficacy through o/w and w/o lotions compared to water suspensions.

This research discusses advancements in niosomal drug delivery systems, highlighting their promising potential to improve targeted drug delivery due to their ability to encapsulate various drug types efficiently, offering advantages over traditional liposome systems in terms of chemical stability and therapeutic efficacy.

This study found that nanoethosomes containing Lidocaine showed effective skin penetration, suggesting they may be a suitable carrier for topical anesthetic delivery.

Ethosomes improve finasteride delivery through skin for hair loss treatment.

This study found that using a combination of iontophoresis and liposomal delivery facilitated the effective intradermal administration of superoxide dismutase in rats, reducing oxidative skin damage from UV exposure.

This study investigated a nanostructured system using PS-b-PAA diblock copolymer for incorporating the hydrophobic photosensitizer ClAlPc, finding it effective in causing cellular damage in Caco-2 cells under light while demonstrating no cytotoxicity without light, suggesting its potential use in photodynamic therapy.

In this study, researchers developed a responsive bilayer hydrogel for diabetic wounds that delivers drugs and oxygen in sync with healing stages, achieving a 99.1% wound closure rate in 14 days by integrating anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-fouling functions.

This study suggests that using nanostructured lipid carriers may improve the targeting of 17-α-estradiol in treating alopecia by improving skin penetration and stability.

This study found that applying benzyl nicotinate on open hair follicles led to a significant increase in blood flow, highlighting the role of the follicular pathway in epidermal penetration.

In this study, researchers evaluated the efficacy of a collagen booster used alongside CO2 fractional laser treatment for skin aging, finding that the combination treatment affected the vascularization and healing process of the skin on a healthy adult's forearm.

This study found that nano-sized lipid particles improved the skin accumulation and retention of dexamethasone compared to a base cream, suggesting potential benefits for inflammatory skin disease treatment.

This study quantifies the follicular uptake of tea tree oil in bovine udder skin, with microemulsion showing the highest concentration among different formulations tested.

In this animal study, ultrasound combined with a new microbubble formulation of minoxidil increased hair growth rates and improved follicle characteristics more effectively than minoxidil alone.

This review explores recent insights into how intrinsic gene oscillations and molecular interactions in hair follicle stem cells contribute to their regenerative potential, with potential implications for regenerative medicine, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that sub-100 nm solid lipid nanoparticles showed the most effective skin penetration and depth, primarily via hair follicles, in rat skin evaluations.