Engineered Exosomes and Composite Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration

Exosomes, small vesicles released by various cell types, are gaining attention in regenerative medicine for their role in intercellular communication and therapeutic potential. They transfer biomolecules like proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells, which can enhance or impair biological functions. This paper reviews the origins, properties, and applications of exosomes, highlighting their structural, biological, physical, and chemical aspects. It also discusses recent advancements in tissue repair and regenerative medicine, emphasizing the potential of exosomes in future tissue regeneration efforts.