Biomaterials Functionalized with MSC Secreted Extracellular Vesicles and Soluble Factors for Tissue Regeneration

    March 2020 in “ Advanced functional materials ”
    Meadhbh Á. Brennan, Pierre Layrolle, David J. Mooney
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    TLDR Biomaterials with MSC-derived substances could improve tissue repair and have advantages over direct cell therapy.
    The document from March 11, 2020, reviews the potential of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretions, particularly extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble factors, for tissue regeneration. It explains that while MSC transplantation has shown benefits for tissue repair, the therapeutic effects are mainly due to paracrine actions rather than cell engraftment. The review details how EVs and soluble factors can modulate immune responses and promote regeneration through their nucleic acid and protein content. However, due to rapid clearance of EVs when administered directly, biomaterials are being developed to enhance their retention and therapeutic efficacy. The authors discuss methods to increase the potency of the MSC secretome, including cell culture manipulation and genetic modification of MSCs. Advances in EV-functionalized biomaterials are presented, which show improved angiogenesis, cell survival, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis. The document also addresses challenges in clinical translation, such as standardization and scalability, and suggests that MSC secretome-based therapies could offer advantages over cell therapy, including the possibility of filter sterilization, extended stability, and reduced manufacturing costs.
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