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This review discusses advances in understanding epidermal biology and pathology over the past two decades and highlights the significant progress yet acknowledges that much remains to be discovered; no new clinical results are reported.

This review discusses current knowledge of keratinocyte stem cell dynamics, including their regenerative roles and potential applications beyond wound healing, but presents no new clinical findings.

This review discusses the role of the EGF receptor/ligand system in skin homeostasis and its implications for keratinocyte stem cells and reports no new clinical results.

This study demonstrates that keratinocyte cell lines derived from cultured hair follicles can fully differentiate in organotypic skin models, offering a minimally invasive alternative to obtaining keratinocytes for research.

This study suggests that TIP39 and its receptor PTH2R, identified in human epidermis, may play a role in keratinocyte function and influence skin differentiation.

This chapter provides an overview of skin physiology, aging effects, and how environmental factors like UV damage impact skin health, without presenting new research findings.

This study found that electrical epilation in organ-cultured human scalp skin perturbs hair follicles by causing inflammation, impairing melanin production, and possibly inhibiting post-epilation hair re-growth.

This narrative review highlights the potential of exosomes as a promising platform for precision diagnostics, regenerative medicine, and targeted therapeutics in dermatology, while noting challenges such as standardization, manufacturing, and regulatory approval that must be resolved before widespread clinical use.

This review discusses the biology and development of skin melanocytes, but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that hair follicle homeostasis in mice requires vitamin D receptor expression in keratinocytes, independent of its ligand activation.

This article reviews the anatomy and pathology of skin and hair to aid in diagnosing skin diseases and discusses potential therapies, without reporting new clinical results.

Vitamin D and its receptor are crucial for skin and hair health.

This study suggests that the action of minoxidil in stimulating hair growth likely occurs at the follicular dermal papilla, though it does not induce new follicle formation.

This article reviews the use of DNA microarrays in studying skin biology including cancer, inflammation, and stem cell differentiation, but reports no new experimental results.

This study found that flower extracts of Wedelia trilobata may serve as a promising active ingredient for cosmeceutical products due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.

N,N-Dimethylglycine sodium salt may improve skin health and treat hair loss.

This review discusses the functions and potential therapeutic targeting of TRP ion channels in the skin, noting their involvement in both physiological processes and various pathological conditions, but reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses the basic biology of apoptosis and its relevance to skin diseases, without presenting new research findings.

This study found that DECORIN promotes the proliferation and migration of outer root sheath keratinocytes in vitro and maintains the hair anagen phase in mice.

This paper reviews the emerging role of FGF-7 signaling in hair regeneration, highlighting its potential as a target for new therapies despite limited clinical trial data.

Vitamin D receptor is crucial for hair growth, not vitamin D itself.

This study examined both human and mouse follicles, finding that cannabinoid and TRPV1 systems independently regulate hair follicle biological functions, impacting hair growth and development.

This review discusses the role of cholesterol homeostasis in hair follicle biology and its potential connections to various hair disorders, but it reports no new findings.

Stat3 helps skin heal but can also cause skin diseases if overactive.

This review discusses the role of PPARs in skin health, suggesting both potential benefits and adverse effects, but reports no new experimental results; the authors emphasize the need for more research to understand these pathways.

This review discusses recent advancements in skin epigenetics, focusing on how epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression during normal skin function and their dysregulation in conditions like skin disorders and cancer, but reports no new clinical results.

This study found that VR1 activation in human hair follicles inhibited hair growth by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis, suggesting VR1 plays an important role in hair growth regulation.

In their mouse study, Oda et al. found that removing the MED1 gene in the skin led to hair loss and changes in epidermal cell differentiation, indicating MED1's significant role in these processes.

This study suggests that human hair follicles may operate their own Cori cycle, synthesizing glycogen from lactate under conditions of lactic acidosis.