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This review summarizes the cell type distribution and functional significance of human keratins, emphasizing their roles in tumor diagnosis and potential clinical applications, and reports no new clinical findings.

This study found that keratin K17 is induced in the suprabasal layer of psoriatic scalp epidermis during epidermal hyperproliferation, suggesting it is not specific to hair follicles.

This study found that the unique functions of keratin 16 are likely determined by its tail domain, challenging the previous hypothesis about the role of the helix 1B subdomain.

This review discusses cornea-specific keratin expression patterns in human and mouse development and reports no new experimental results; it highlights the need for investigating keratin mutations' role in pathology.

In this study, keratin genes mHa1 and mHb4 were unable to form an extensive keratin network in one cell line, altering endogenous keratin distribution, but showed better integration in another cell line.

This study found that keratin expression patterns vary within nail unit structures, with the nail matrix uniquely expressing the acidic hair-type keratin Ha1.

This review examines the potential of K18 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in epithelial-derived tumors, highlighting its specific expression in tumor tissues and interaction with proteins involved in tumor progression, without reporting new clinical findings.

This study found that in mouse pancreatic β-cells, the disruption of keratin filaments due to a specific mutation in keratin 18 resulted in altered GLUT2 localization, with less GLUT2 present on the plasma membrane compared to cells with normal keratin.

This review discusses keratin disorders and potential RNA interference therapeutics, reporting no new clinical findings but highlighting the promise of siRNA for future treatments.

This study identifies six novel keratin genes from the chromosome 17q21.2 region, suggesting their association with hair follicles, while all 27 keratin genes in the domain have been characterized transcriptionally.

In this study, expressing human K16 in the epidermis of K14 null mice prevented early skin blistering but led to age-related anomalies, indicating K16 and K14 have distinct roles despite their sequence similarity.

This study suggests that the keratins found in reptile and bird skin appendages evolved independently from mammalian hair keratins, highlighting convergent evolution in these species.

This review discusses the complexity and genetic organization of human keratin gene clusters and addresses the ongoing need for an updated unified naming system; it reports no new clinical results.

Keratins are crucial for cell structure, growth, and disease risk.

This study suggests that adjusting the ratios of keratin-associated proteins to keratin intermediate filaments can create keratin/chitosan hydrogels with more consistent gel properties for tissue engineering.

This study found that cysteine supplementation significantly increases keratin expression in human keratinocytes, and counteracts the negative impact of iron deficiency on keratin production by enhancing iron availability for cellular processes.

This review discusses the role of keratins in epithelial cell stress protection and cancer, highlighting their potential as multifunctional regulators and diagnostic markers, without presenting new research findings.

This study found that keratin 17 and TNFα play interdependent roles in regulating hair follicle cycling, with TNFα required for the anagen–catagen transition and its ablation partially rescuing hair cycling defects in K17-null mice.

This study found that keratin K14 expression occurs early in epidermal cell differentiation, while a hair-specific keratin is expressed later in hair matrix cells, suggesting developmental divergence between the two cell types.

This study found that K17 is crucial for the structural integrity and survival of hair-producing cells, with K17 null mice developing alopecia due to hair fragility and follicular alterations.

This study identified a 69 bp deletion in the KRT75 gene as the cause of the frizzle feather trait in chickens, affecting feather curling.

This study found that beard hair medulla cells express an unexpected range of keratins, showing variability and promiscuous behavior in keratin interactions distinct from other hair follicle cells.

This study found that prolactin is a key regulator of keratin expression in human hair follicles, enhancing specific keratin types and influencing epithelial stem cell-associated keratins.

This chapter reviews keratins in skin epithelia, including their roles in cellular function and disease, and reports no new experimental results.

This study found that serine 44 in the N-terminal head domain of keratin 17 is phosphorylated in response to various stimuli affecting skin keratinocyte growth, linking K17 up-regulation with growth and stress responses in skin epithelium.

This review discusses changes in keratin structure or gene expression that result in various skin disorders and reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, researchers found that a polyphenolic extract from Annurca apples, high in procyanidin B2, increased hair growth, density, and keratin content in healthy subjects after 2 months of use, and stimulated keratin biosynthesis in vitro.

This review discusses how neuroendocrine pathways influence keratin regulation in human skin and hair follicles and suggests these pathways as potential targets for new treatments of skin disorders, but reports no clinical results.

This study suggests that specific combinations of human type I and II hair keratins, particularly K35-K85 and K36-K81, have distinct in vitro assembly properties that are significant for macrofibril formation.

This study reports promising preliminary results for using monoclonal antibodies to identify cashmere fibers, highlighting observed immunological differences from wool keratins.