37 citations,
October 2015 in “PeerJ” Perming significantly changes hair's molecular structure, while shampoo and conditioner do not.
18 citations,
January 2018 in “Advances in experimental medicine and biology” Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
18 citations,
November 2010 in “Journal of morphology” Antler velvet hair and body hair of red deer have different structures that help with protection and insulation.
12 citations,
January 2014 in “Cell structure and function” Different combinations of human hair keratins affect how hair fibers form.
4 citations,
September 2019 in “Biomedical Papers/Biomedical Papers of the Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc Czech Republic” CD2 might be a new treatment target for patchy alopecia areata.
Human hair keratins can self-assemble and support cell growth, useful for biomedical applications.
19 citations,
January 2009 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Hair's strength and flexibility come from its protein structure and molecular interactions.
19 citations,
May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
7 citations,
July 2008 in “Experimental Dermatology” The study concluded that a protein important for hair strength is regulated by certain molecular processes and is affected by growth phases.
9 citations,
April 2019 in “Journal of structural biology” Hair's internal fibers are arranged in a pattern that doesn't let much water in, and treatments like oils and heat change how much water hair can absorb.
9 citations,
November 2020 in “The FASEB journal” Intermediate filaments are crucial for cell differentiation and stem cell function.
28 citations,
April 1996 in “Cell biology international” Changes in keratin affect skin health and can lead to skin disorders like blistering diseases and psoriasis.
2 citations,
August 2020 in “Scientific reports” Genes related to keratin, skin cell differentiation, and immune functions are key in hedgehog skin and spine development.
31 citations,
August 2005 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” The study concluded that PKP1 is essential for skin integrity and hair growth, and its dysfunction causes the symptoms of ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome.
17 citations,
February 2015 in “Cell Death and Disease” Inhibiting AP1 in mice skin causes structural changes and weakens the skin barrier.
7 citations,
December 2020 in “ACS biomaterials science & engineering” Human hair keratins can form stable nanofiber networks that might help in tissue regeneration.
6 citations,
May 2020 in “Molecules/Molecules online/Molecules annual” Yak belly hair has higher porosity and is less stiff than human hair, making it absorb dye better but less suitable as a direct substitute for hair dyeing.
May 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” The study found that certain genes are important for hedgehog skin appendage development and immunity, with spines possibly evolving for protection and infection resistance.
26 citations,
April 2019 in “Genes” lncRNA XLOC_008679 and gene KRT35 affect cashmere fineness in goats.
438 citations,
October 2010 in “Oncogene” Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.
Human hair can almost fully recover its structure within about 1,000 minutes after being stretched.
86 citations,
April 2009 in “Journal of anatomy” Hard skin features like scales, feathers, and hair evolved through specific protein changes in different animal groups.
9 citations,
February 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The document concludes that the human keratin gene cluster is complex, with a need for updated naming to reflect over 50 functional genes important for hair and skin biology.
6 citations,
October 2022 in “Journal of cell science” Keratin genes change gradually during skin cell development and should be used carefully as biomarkers.
109 citations,
September 2011 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” New treatments targeting specific genes show promise for treating keratin disorders.
70 citations,
December 2004 in “Differentiation” The study identified and characterized new keratin genes linked to hair follicles and epithelial tissues.
62 citations,
January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.
42 citations,
January 2017 in “Genes” The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.
40 citations,
May 2016 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Changes in keratin make hair follicles stiffer.
40 citations,
July 2015 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Cysteine helps maintain keratin production in skin cells even when iron is low.