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    Glossary Keloids

    raised, thickened scar tissue that extends beyond original wounds

    Keloids are raised, thickened areas of scar tissue that form at the site of skin injury, such as cuts, burns, or surgical incisions. Unlike regular scars, keloids extend beyond the original wound boundaries and can continue to grow over time. They are the result of an overproduction of collagen during the healing process and can be itchy, painful, or cause discomfort. Keloids are more common in individuals with darker skin tones and can be challenging to treat, often requiring a combination of therapies such as corticosteroid injections, laser treatment, or surgical removal.

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    1. Recent Understandings of Biology, Prophylaxis and Treatment Strategies for Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids International journal of molecular sciences · 2018 · 305 citations
    2. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in keloid tissues and TGF‐β1–induced hair follicle outer root sheath keratinocytes Wound repair and regeneration · 2015 · 46 citations
    3. Keloid risk in patients with atopic dermatitis: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Taiwan BMJ Open · 2018 · 35 citations
    4. The Aldo-Keto Reductase AKR1B10 Is Up-Regulated in Keloid Epidermis, Implicating Retinoic Acid Pathway Dysregulation in the Pathogenesis of Keloid Disease Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2016 · 31 citations
    5. New approach to the understanding of keloid: psychoneuroimmune–endocrine aspects Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2015 · 21 citations
    6. Hypoxia macrophage-derived exosomal miR-26b-5p targeting PTEN promotes the development of keloids Burns & Trauma · 2024 · 17 citations
    7. Identification and characterization of four immune-related signatures in keloid Frontiers in Immunology · 2022 · 11 citations
    8. [Methotrexate to treat SAPHO syndrome with keloidal scars]. PubMed · 2011 · 10 citations
    9. Combination cryotherapy and intralesional corticosteroid versus steroid monotherapy in the treatment of keloids Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2022 · 9 citations
    10. Bioinformatics analysis and verification of m6A related genes based on the construction of keloid diagnostic model International Wound Journal · 2023 · 8 citations
    11. Extensive donor site keloids in follicular unit extraction hair transplantation International Journal of Trichology · 2017 · 7 citations
    12. Single‐cell RNA sequencing highlights the role of proinflammatory fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and immune cells in the keloid immune microenvironment International Journal of Dermatology · 2024 · 6 citations
    13. Keloid scars arising after follicular unit extraction hair transplantation Journal of Cutaneous and Aesthetic Surgery · 2020 · 4 citations
    14. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in keloid and hypertrophic scarring Frontiers in Microbiology · 2025 · 3 citations
    15. Keloids in male genitalia—Systematic review and illustrative case report Wound Repair and Regeneration · 2024 · 3 citations
    16. Keloids After Herpes Zoster: Report of Wolf’s Isotopic Phenomenon and Literature Review Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · 2023 · 3 citations
    17. Androgen-related disorders and hormone therapy for patients with keloids Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · 2022 · 3 citations
    18. Transient chemotherapy-induced alopecia after intralesional 5-fluorouracil treatment of keloids JAAD Case Reports · 2019 · 3 citations
    19. Why don't we have more effective treatment for keloids? PubMed · 2010 · 3 citations
    20. A Signature of Genes Featuring FGF11 Revealed Aberrant Fibroblast Activation and Immune Infiltration Properties in Keloid Tissue Emergency medicine international · 2022 · 2 citations
    21. Single cell deciphering of pruritic keloids: the interaction between fibroblasts and Schwann cells through the Midkine signaling Burns & Trauma · 2025 · 1 citations
    22. Keloid Formation and Any Skin Complications in Patients Treated With Isotretinoin and Undergone Any Skin‐Related Procedures Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · 2024 · 1 citations
    23. Exploring the Complexities of TGF-beta Signaling in Keloids: Beyond the Classical Smad Pathway International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2026
    24. A Holistic Approach to Unravel Keloid Pathogenesis and Optimize Therapeutic Outcomes Biomedicines · 2026
    25. Three-dimensional analysis of intraepidermal nerve fibres and Langerhans cells in keloids with a focus on pruritus Scientific Reports · 2025
    26. Comparison of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide alone and with 5 -fluorouracil for the treatment of keloids Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association · 2025
    27. Efficacy of Punch Excision Combined With Superficial X‐Ray for the Treatment of Keloids: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study Dermatologic Therapy · 2025
    28. NEDD4 Transcript Variant 3 and IGF-1 as Molecular Markers in the Development and Prognosis of Keloids The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · 2025
    29. The HEDGEHOG-GLI1 pathway is important for fibroproliferative properties in keloids and as a candidate therapeutic target Communications biology · 2023
    30. Keloid pathogenesis and fibroproliferative properties are dependent on stem cells regulated by the HEDGEHOG-GLI1 pathway Research Square (Research Square) · 2023