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GlossaryInner Root Sheath (IRS)

layer of cells supporting and shaping the growing hair shaft

The Inner Root Sheath (IRS) is a layer of cells that surrounds and supports the growing hair shaft within the hair follicle. It plays a crucial role in shaping the hair and guiding it as it emerges from the scalp. The IRS is composed of three distinct layers: Henle's layer, Huxley's layer, and the cuticle of the inner root sheath, each contributing to the structural integrity and function of the hair follicle.

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research Prevalence of CYP21 Mutations and IRS1 Variant Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Adrenal Androgen Excess

40 citations, February 2005 in “Fertility and Sterility”

Some women with PCOS have CYP21 mutations and IRS1 variants, but these genetic factors are not major contributors to PCOS.

research Mutations in the Helix Termination Motif of Mouse Type I IRS Keratin Genes Impair the Assembly of Keratin Intermediate Filament

27 citations, November 2007 in “Genomics”

Mutations in specific keratin genes cause improper hair structure in mice due to faulty keratin protein assembly.

research Insulin Resistance Syndrome: The Sensitive IRS

January 2018

Insulin resistance is linked to many health problems and is influenced by diet, genetics, and other factors.

Association of Gly972Arg Variant of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Gly1057Asp Variant of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Chinese Population

research Association of Gly972Arg Variant of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 and Gly1057Asp Variant of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2 with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in the Chinese Population

10 citations, October 2014 in “Journal of Ovarian Research”

The IRS-2 Asp/Asp genotype may increase the risk of PCOS in Chinese women, especially if they are not obese.

research Study on the Expression Patterns of Inner Root Sheath-Specific Genes in Tan Sheep Hair Follicle During Different Developmental Stages

July 2024 in “Gene”

IRS-specific genes in Tan sheep hair follicles peak at birth and may affect wool crimp.

research The Transcriptional Repressor CDP (Cutl1) Is Essential for Epithelial Cell Differentiation of the Lung and the Hair Follicle

165 citations, September 2001 in “Genes & development”

CDP is crucial for lung and hair follicle cell development.

research Hair Follicle-Specific Keratins And Their Diseases

138 citations, March 2007 in “Experimental cell research”

Only a few hair-specific keratins are linked to inherited hair disorders.

research A Novel Epithelial Keratin, hK6irs1, Is Expressed Differentially in All Layers of the Inner Root Sheath, Including Specialized Huxley Cells of the Human Hair Follicle

86 citations, May 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A new keratin, hK6irs1, is found in all layers of the hair follicle's inner root sheath.

research Hairless Plays a Role in Formation of Inner Root Sheath via Regulation of Dlx3 Gene

17 citations, May 2012 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Hairless protein affects hair follicle structure by regulating the Dlx3 gene.

Fine Structure and Immunocytochemistry of Monotreme Hairs, with Emphasis on the Inner Root Sheath and Trichohyalin-Based Cornification During Hair Evolution

research Fine Structure and Immunocytochemistry of Monotreme Hairs, with Emphasis on the Inner Root Sheath and Trichohyalin-Based Cornification During Hair Evolution

15 citations, July 2004 in “Journal of morphology”

Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.

Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Syndrome Among Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central Vietnam

research Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Syndrome Among Infertile Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study from Central Vietnam

14 citations, January 2018 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism”

Many infertile women with PCOS in Central Vietnam have metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome, with obesity and older age increasing the risk.

research Overexpression of Lnk in the Ovaries Is Involved in Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

11 citations, July 2016 in “Endocrinology”

Higher Lnk protein levels in ovaries may lead to insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

research Characterization of DNA Methylation and Screening of Epigenetic Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

9 citations, May 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

DNA methylation changes in women with PCOS could be used as disease markers and suggest new treatment targets.

research The Failure Behavior of the Anchorage of Hairs During Slow Extraction

5 citations, March 2001 in “Journal of biomechanics”

Growing hairs are easier to pull out than resting hairs due to different anchorage strengths.

Involucrin, But Not Filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, Expression Is Downregulated in 3-D Cultures of Intact Rat Hair Bulbs After Calcium Stimulation

research Involucrin, But Not Filaggrin and Kdap mRNA, Expression Is Downregulated in 3-D Cultures of Intact Rat Hair Bulbs After Calcium Stimulation

3 citations, July 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica”

Calcium reduces involucrin in rat hair bulbs but doesn't affect filaggrin and Kdap.

research Expression of Nerve Growth Factor in Skin Tissues and Its Effect on the Proliferation of Outer Root Sheath Cells in Cashmere Goats

1 citations, July 2016 in “Livestock science”

Nerve growth factor helps cashmere goat hair cells grow and is more active during the hair growth phase.

research Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and RNAseq Analysis to Generate a Human Anagen Hair Follicle Transcriptome Atlas

November 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Researchers made a detailed map of gene activity for different parts of human hair follicles to help create targeted hair disorder treatments.

research Investigation of Glypican-4 and -6 by Infrared Spectral Imaging During the Hair Growth Cycle

February 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Infrared spectral imaging can effectively study protein distribution in hair follicles during hair growth.

research Tight Junctions Form a Barrier in Porcine Hair Follicles

21 citations, December 2015 in “European journal of cell biology”

Tight junctions create a barrier in pig hair follicles that controls what can enter the skin.

research Fine Structure of Marsupial Hairs, with Emphasis on Trichohyalin and the Structure of the Inner Root Sheath

8 citations, July 2004 in “Journal of morphology”

Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.

research Combination of the Stromal Vascular Fraction and Platelet-Rich Plasma Accelerates the Wound Healing Process: Pre-Clinical Study in a Sprague-Dawley Rat Model

20 citations, July 2019 in “Stem cell investigation”

Combining SVF and PRP speeds up wound healing.

research Mechanism of Salutary Effects of Finasteride on Post-Traumatic Immune/Inflammatory Response

18 citations, November 2007 in “Annals of Surgery”

Finasteride reduces inflammation and improves immune response after trauma by altering hormone levels.

research Evaluating the Safety of Intravenous Delivery of Autologous Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma

6 citations, May 2021 in “Journal of Health Sciences”

Intravenous delivery of autologous activated platelet-rich plasma is safe.

research Evaluation of Acute and Repeated Dose Toxicity of the Polyherbal Formulation Linkus Syrup in Experimental Animals

2 citations, January 2014 in “Chinese medicine”

Linkus cough syrup is effective and safe with no side effects or toxicity in rats.

research Late Sequelae of COVID-19 and Its Effect on the Quality of Life

April 2022 in “Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University”

COVID-19 can lead to long-term health problems that affect daily life.

research Menstrual Irregularities in Adolescent Girls and Correlation with the Extent of Exposure to Plastics: A Case-Control Study

January 2020 in “International journal of current research and review”

Exposure to plastics may increase the risk of irregular menstrual cycles and symptoms of hormone imbalance in teenage girls.

research Reimagining Hair Science: A New Approach to Classify Curly Hair Phenotypes via New Quantitative Geometric and Structural Mechanical Parameters

May 2023 in “Accounts of chemical research”

New methods can better classify curly hair types and lead to improved hair care products.