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This study found that the R257X mutation in the AIRE gene is prevalent among Russian patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, particularly in those with hypoparathyroidism and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

In this study, researchers found that ex vivo and in vivo administration of the TYK2 inhibitor BMS-986202 prevented immune privilege collapse and promoted hair regrowth in models of alopecia areata, suggesting this approach may offer a new therapeutic avenue deserving of clinical investigation.

This research developed new in vitro models for high-throughput screening of drugs that could protect or restore immune privilege in hair follicles, finding that Tofacitinib was effective in preventing inflammation-related marker upregulation, while Tacrolimus and αMSH worked specifically in outer root sheath keratinocytes.

This case report highlights that a patient developed alopecia areata following treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C.

This study found that human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells increased the viability and migration of human outer root sheath cells in an in vitro alopecia areata model, involving Wnt/β-catenin and JAK/STAT pathways.

This study found that mycophenolate may stabilize β-catenin and counteract interferon-γ-induced catagen changes in human dermal papilla cells, which could promote hair growth.

In this study, researchers observed that a topical gel containing 20% hypoxia mesenchymal stem cell secretome significantly reduced IL-15 and IFN-γ mRNA expression and baldness by 60% in male Wistar rats with fluconazole-related alopecia.

This study found that a chemically modified small-interfering RNA candidate, AR-27 E-Chol, effectively stimulated hair regrowth and reduced androgen receptor gene expression in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, indicating its potential as a novel therapeutic approach.

This study found that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone may modulate inflammation in skin connective tissue by inhibiting proinflammatory effects in fibroblasts.

This paper discusses two preclinical models for studying alopecia areata and finds that testing new therapeutic agents should involve both the C3H/HeJ mouse model and the humanized mouse model for comprehensive insights.

This study evaluated a chemically modified siRNA, AR-27 E-Chol, which effectively promoted hair regrowth and reduced androgen receptor gene expression in a DHT-induced mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic candidate.

This study found that activating liver X receptors with an agonist reduced skin fibrosis in experimental models, particularly in inflammation-driven conditions, by inhibiting macrophage infiltration and interleukin-6 release.

Dithranol reduces inflammation in alopecia areata by lowering certain immune responses.

In this study, researchers developed a novel topical gel combining minoxidil and JAK inhibitor tofacitinib, which effectively enhanced hair follicle growth and reduced local inflammation in mice with alopecia areata, suggesting a new approach for treating this condition.

This study found that the circular RNA circCOL1A1 influences the formation of superior-quality brush hair in white goats by regulating hair follicle stem cell behavior and interacting with the miR-149-5p/CMTM3/AR axis.

This study identified a novel G207E STING mutation associated with severe inflammatory symptoms and suggested that common polymorphisms in TMEM173 and IFIH1 may modify the phenotype in affected individuals.

This article examines anticytokine therapies for autoimmune diseases, highlighting the potential of anti-interferon-γ as a universal treatment for certain conditions and noting varying effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors.

This study reports that a novel gain-of-function mutation in TMEM173, combined with polymorphisms in TMEM173 and IFIH1, results in a distinct clinical phenotype with features of SAVI, including alopecia and photosensitivity.

This review explores the emerging roles of NK cells in various diseases, including allergies and skin conditions, and reports no new clinical results while indicating NK cell involvement in immune processes.

This study suggests that αMSH may play a regulatory role in human dermal papilla cells, potentially influencing immune and inflammatory responses in hair follicles, which could contribute to inflammatory alopecia.

This article reviews the challenges of using disease-modifying therapy for multiple sclerosis and offers strategies to improve treatment adherence and manage adverse effects, but reports no new clinical findings.

In this study, gene expression analysis of plucked hair follicles from scalp lesions was sufficient to differentiate chronic discoid lupus erythematosus from psoriasis and healthy controls, suggesting a non-invasive diagnostic potential.

This study found that specific gene upregulations and mutations in hidradenitis suppurativa skin support the role of inflammation, altered epithelial differentiation, and metabolism dysregulation in the disease's pathogenesis.

This study reports that hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduced hair loss and inflammation in alopecia areata models, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach.

This study demonstrates that an iPSC-derived skin organoid model effectively supports Merkel cell polyomavirus infection, persistence, and immune evasion, providing a valuable platform for studying viral tumorigenesis and testing treatment strategies.

COVID-19 vaccines have been linked to an increase in hair loss conditions.

This study found that α-MSH may suppress IFN-γ-driven upregulation of ICAM-1 in human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting potential roles for melanocortins in inflammatory skin disorders beyond collagen synthesis effects.

This study observed distinct plasma miRNA profiles in alopecia areata, identifying several miRNAs downregulated in both mild and severe forms; machine learning models demonstrated strong predictive accuracy, and kinase inhibitors were suggested as promising therapeutic targets based on pathway analysis.

In this case report, two patients with polyautoimmunity and difficult-to-treat lupus erythematosus experienced significant symptom improvement after adding anifrolumab to their regimen, suggesting its potential as an effective add-on therapy for refractory cutaneous symptoms in autoimmune conditions characterized by elevated interferon alpha activity.

This study found that in a human skin organ culture model of pemphigus vulgaris, split formation led to significant upregulation of IFNγ and TNFα-related genes, indicating secondary effects from mechanical stress, not direct changes from autoantibodies.