July 2026 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology” This article reviews the roles of dendritic cells in alopecia areata and highlights emerging precision therapies that target these cells, reporting no new experimental findings.
49 citations
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August 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This paper discusses the evolving understanding of psoriasis pathogenesis with no new clinical findings; the authors highlight the role of T-cell plasticity and regulatory cells, calling for further clinical applications using single-cell technologies.
62 citations
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June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of Th17 cells and lower levels of regulatory T cells compared to healthy controls, suggesting an immune imbalance in these patients.
This review highlights that iron deficiency is a significant yet often overlooked contributor to the development of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, suggesting that iron dysregulation may drive inflammation and metabolic imbalances in conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
June 2026 in “kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences” In this case-control study, individuals with alopecia areata showed significantly elevated levels of inflammatory markers IL-4, IFN-γ, and CRP, as well as reduced serum Folate and Ferritin, suggesting the condition's multifactorial pathophysiology involves immune activation, systemic inflammation, and micronutrient deficiencies.
November 2023 in “Medical Immunology (Russia)” In this study, researchers found that children with alopecia areata exhibited immune system imbalances, including increased autoimmune and allergic markers and decreased phagocytic activity, along with a higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and allergic rhinitis compared to children without alopecia.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science” This study found that disruptions in the skin microbiome, known as dysbiosis, play a significant role in various skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, rosacea, skin cancer, and impaired wound healing, by altering immune responses and barrier functions.
1 citations
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January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” This review discusses recent advances in understanding alopecia areata's disease mechanisms and highlights JAK molecules as promising therapeutic targets, but reports no new clinical results; controlled trials are needed.
March 2022 in “Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. E, Medical Entomology and Parasitology” This review examines the potential pathogenicity of Demodex mites in skin disorders, considering systemic factors like immunological imbalance and microbiome changes, but reports no new clinical findings.
December 2024 in “Quality in Sport” This review discusses immunological abnormalities in PCOS, focusing on inflammation and autoantibody production, and reports no new results; it suggests exploring new therapeutic drug targets.
June 2026 in “Reproduction and Fertility” In this study, researchers highlighted that PCOS involves not only hormonal imbalances but also significant changes in the microbiome and immune system, which complicate its impact on fertility and suggest potential for new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
46 citations
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January 1996 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study identified the presence of apoptotic or necrotic keratinocytes and hair shaft dystrophy as potential markers of hair loss in patients with HIV-1 infection.
37 citations
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May 2016 in “Deutsches Arzteblatt International” This review outlines various causes and manifestations of hair loss, highlighting that each type has distinct underlying mechanisms and requires specific treatment approaches, without reporting new clinical results.
13 citations
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January 2024 in “Cureus” This study reviewed the physiological and psychological impacts of acne vulgaris, highlighting its complex interactions with endocrine issues, sebum production, and immune response, while suggesting that a multidisciplinary approach can inform future treatments and improve quality of life for those affected.
3 citations
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September 2021 in “BioEssays” This article discusses a novel hypothesis on the role of hair follicles in dandruff pathogenesis, focusing on immune response and inflammation due to scalp microbiota changes and sebum by-products, but reports no new clinical results.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Middle East Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” This review discusses the mechanisms and grading challenges of acne vulgaris, highlighting the need for better treatment strategies and reports no new experimental results.
1 citations
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April 2018 in “Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia” This article reviews the prevalence, causes, and associated conditions of hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, but reports no new clinical findings.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Staphylococcus epidermidis affects hair growth and metabolism, suggesting it could help manage hair growth issues.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This review explores the complex causes and treatment options for alopecia, emphasizing that current therapies mainly offer symptomatic relief, while new advancements like stem cell approaches and improved drug delivery systems show promise for addressing underlying disease mechanisms.
May 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This review highlights that alopecia's complex causes include hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors, and discusses traditional and emerging therapies, suggesting a need for multi-targeted, mechanism-based treatments to improve long-term management and efficacy.
January 2023 in “Sibirskij medicinskij vestnik” This analysis explores possible causes of menstrual irregularities in women with PCOS following COVID-19, but reports no new clinical findings.
August 2022 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This product description details an ayurvedic herbomineral cream claimed to be for alopecia, listing its plant-based ingredients and the mineral supplement Yashad bhasma, but reports no new clinical results.
March 2026 in “Tạp chí Da liễu học Việt Nam” In this review, researchers conclude that immune imbalance between regulatory and cytotoxic T cells, along with activation of IFN-γ–MHC and IL-15–NK pathways, disrupts hair follicle immune privilege, suggesting pivotal mechanisms in alopecia areata development and potential targets for immunotherapeutic interventions.
January 2026 in “IECCMEXICO” This review highlights how chronic inflammatory skin disorders like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis may be better understood as manifestations of systemic immune dysregulation rather than just skin issues, suggesting that recognizing these conditions as markers of broader immune imbalance can improve diagnosis and medical education.
August 2026 in “Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators” This review suggests that imbalance in prostaglandin levels may contribute to androgenetic alopecia, highlighting prostaglandins as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the condition.
August 2025 in “Archiv Euromedica” This review explored the relationship between alopecia areata and gut microbiota imbalances, noting potential immune dysregulation due to microbiome alterations. It highlighted promising results from fecal microbiota transplantation in treating alopecia universalis, indicating a need for further research into microbiome-targeted therapies.
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review examines the interconnected processes of atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata, highlighting shared immune imbalances, genetic factors, and microbiome influences, while analyzing current and emerging treatments and identifying gaps in understanding these overlapping conditions.
May 2018 in “White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)” In this study, researchers found that alopecia areata patients show a significant reduction in suppressive regulatory T-cells and an increase in inflammatory T-cell populations, suggesting an immunological imbalance contributing to the disease.
January 2026 in “Forum Dermatologicum” This case report discusses a doughnut wart recurrence after cryotherapy in a patient with alopecia areata, suggesting autoimmune-related immune imbalance may influence unusual wart behavior.
1 citations
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August 2013 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” This study found that Wnt secretion is important for skin homeostasis in mice, as Evi-deficient mice developed skin lesions resembling psoriasis and showed immune cell imbalance.