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    Glossary Immune Activation

    body's defense system responding to a perceived threat

    Immune activation refers to the process by which the body's immune system is triggered to respond to a perceived threat, such as an infection, injury, or foreign substance. This involves the activation of immune cells like T-cells and B-cells, which then work to identify, attack, and eliminate the threat. In the context of alopecia, immune activation can mistakenly target hair follicles, leading to hair loss.

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    1. Activating an adaptive immune response from a hydrogel scaffold imparts regenerative wound healing Nature Materials · 2020 · 328 citations
    2. A Signature of Genes Featuring FGF11 Revealed Aberrant Fibroblast Activation and Immune Infiltration Properties in Keloid Tissue Emergency medicine international · 2022 · 2 citations
    3. IMMUNE-DRIVEN ACTIVATION OF HAIR FOLLICLE STEM CELLS AS A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL FOR FUTURE CELL-BASED THERAPY DEVELOPMENT Cytotherapy · 2026
    4. Hair Follicle Mesenchyme-Associated PD-L1 Regulates T-Cell Activation Induced Apoptosis: A Potential Mechanism of Immune Privilege Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2013 · 53 citations
    5. LB1031 Immune Cell-Mediated Amplification of Stem Cell Activation in Hairy Melanocytic Nevus via Osteopontin-CD44 Axis Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2024 · 1 citations
    6. Dietary glucoraphanin prevents the onset of psychosis in the adult offspring after maternal immune activation Scientific reports · 2018 · 36 citations
    7. Resident T cell activation leads to human hair follicle immune privilege loss ex vivo, which is prevented by the DHODH inhibitor farudodstat: relevance for alopecia areata Frontiers in Medicine · 2026
    8. Image 1_Resident T cell activation leads to human hair follicle immune privilege loss ex vivo, which is prevented by the DHODH inhibitor farudodstat: relevance for alopecia areata.pdf Figshare · 2026
    9. Activating an adaptive immune response from a hydrogel scaffold imparts regenerative wound healing bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2020 · 1 citations
    10. Peripheral MC1R Activation Modulates Immune Responses and is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · 2023 · 9 citations
    11. 0037 Inflammatory implications in female pattern hair loss: unraveling B cell-related immune activation through comparative transcriptome profiling Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2025
    12. A helminth mimic of TGF-β, TGM, enhances regenerative cutaneous wound healing and modulates immune cell recruitment and activation bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2022
    13. Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17/TH22 skewing 2015 · 176 citations
    14. Transcriptional profiling in alopecia areata defines immune and cell cycle control related genes within disease-specific signatures Genomics · 2010 · 61 citations
    15. Biochemical Alterations and Immune-Inflammatory Responses in Alopecia Areata: A Case-Control Study kerbala journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026
    16. Mechanical stretch induces hair regeneration through the alternative activation of macrophages Nature Communications · 2019 · 163 citations
    17. Janus microneedles enabling orderly vitiligo treatment through spatiotemporal sequential promoting melanogenesis to transfer via PAR2 activation Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2026
    18. Environmental Modulation of JAK3-Mediated Immune Dysregulation in Alopecia Areata Scholarly Commons (Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University) · 2025
    19. Rapidly Progressive Alopecia Universalis after Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection: The role of Immune Dysregulation and Tofacitinib treatment 2025
    20. TLR3 Activation Stimulates Autophagy Gene Expression in Keratinocytes KSBB Journal · 2022
    21. Gene Array Profiling and Immunomodulation Studies Define a Cell-Mediated Immune Response Underlying the Pathogenesis of Alopecia Areata in a Mouse Model and Humans Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2002 · 114 citations
    22. Systemic humoral activation facilitates tissue regeneration by D-chiral biomaterial scaffolds Cell Biomaterials · 2026
    23. 1338 Epidermal growth factor receptor protects from immune privilege collapse and scarring hair follicle destruction 2023
    24. Cutaneous manifestations associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors Frontiers in immunology · 2023 · 14 citations
    25. LB1777 A novel ex vivo model of human hair follicle immune privilege collapse reveals the potential of farudodstat, a DHODH inhibitor, as a therapeutic for alopecia areata treatment Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2023 · 1 citations
    26. Integrated single-cell chromatin and transcriptomic analyses of peripheral immune cells in patients with alopecia areata Frontiers in Immunology · 2025 · 4 citations
    27. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B deficiency due to a novel missense mutation in the coiled-coil domain 2018 · 14 citations
    28. 59 Scarring alopecia is driven by the collapse of EGFR-protected JAK-STAT1-sensitive stem cell immune privilege 2023
    29. Multimodal roles of transient receptor potential channel activation in inducing pathological tissue scarification Frontiers in Immunology · 2023 · 7 citations
    30. Type 1 interferon signature and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation targeted against sweat ducts in inflammatory acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2023 · 6 citations