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This review highlighted that in an in vitro setting, 3D spheroid cultures of fish cells offer a promising alternative to traditional monolayer cultures, potentially advancing research in eco-toxicology, immunology, drug screening, and more by better mimicking in vivo conditions.

This study found that systemic ovalbumin–aluminum sensitization followed by cutaneous challenge in mice induced thermal hyperalgesia, increased spinal cord gliosis, and sprouting of nociceptive fibers, along with elevated mast cell and nerve profile densities in the skin compared to controls.

In this study, researchers found that serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome were not influenced by body mass index.

Pax9 is crucial for proper tongue surface development and preventing skin-like changes.

This study found that IL-17A-producing γδ T cells play a key role in bone fracture healing by promoting bone formation, with deficiencies leading to impaired repair in mice.

In this study, nearly 5% of anti-TNF-treated patients with IBD developed psoriasiform skin lesions, with smoking identified as a main risk factor, and ustekinumab proved highly effective in severe cases.

The research found that hair follicle–derived cytokines, particularly IL-15 and IL-7, regulate skin-resident memory T cells and their role in both immune homeostasis and lymphoma in the skin.

This study identified a distinct cytokine activation signature in alopecia areata, involving TH2, TH1, IL-23, and IL-9/TH9 pathways, suggesting potential targeting strategies similar to those in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

IL-6 contributes to hair loss by shortening the growth phase and causing hair follicles to regress.

This study summarizes how the IL-23/IL-17 axis contributes to inflammatory skin diseases like psoriasis and highlights that biologics targeting this pathway, including monoclonal antibodies against IL-23 and IL-17, have shown efficacy in clinical trials for these conditions.

This study found that IL-7 is crucial for the survival of memory regulatory T cells in the skin of mice, whereas IL-2 is essential for their initial generation but not for their maintenance.

This study found that UV exposure in human skin induces IL-10 production by macrophages, while Langerhans cells are depleted and their IL-12 production is downregulated.

In this study, three patients with extensive alopecia areata showed varying degrees of hair regrowth after 20 weeks of treatment with ustekinumab, a cytokine-targeting therapy.

This study observed that in aged mouse skin, there was an increase in IL-17-expressing T helper cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and blocking IL-17 signaling reduced skin inflammation and delayed age-related changes, suggesting it as a potential target to mitigate skin aging.

This study found IL-17/IL-36 signaling to be predominant in both endotypes of Netherton syndrome, with distinct molecular profiles between NS-ILC and NS-SE lesions, offering potential therapeutic targets.

This study found that skin microbiota, particularly in wild-type mice, promotes wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis and wound healing, highlighting the potential downsides of routine antibiotic use on skin regeneration.

This study observed that the ethyl acetate extract of Equisetum debile showed high activity against 5α-reductase and lipid peroxidation with no cytotoxicity on dermal papilla cells.

This review highlights recent insights into how IL-15 influences T cell responses and contributes to immunopathogenesis in various diseases, suggesting its crucial role in TCR-independent activation and potential in optimizing therapeutic strategies.

This study investigated dermal fibroblasts in mouse skin using single-cell RNA sequencing and identified signaling pathways that influence adipogenesis, finding that IL-1-NF-κB promotes, while WNT-β-catenin inhibits, the adipogenic potential of these cells, with implications for wound healing and scar formation.

This study found that intron 3 VNTR polymorphism in the IL-4 gene may be associated with an increased risk of alopecia areata in the Turkish population.

This study found that blocking interleukin-3 improved lupus nephritis symptoms in MRL/Ipr mice, suggesting IL-3 may play a role in the disease's progression.

This study found that IL-25-mediated-IL-17RB signaling improved diabetic wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and endothelial cell function, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for poorly healing diabetic wounds.

This study found that CXCL12+ fibroblast subsets in mouse skin play a critical role in recruiting neutrophils and defending against S. aureus infection, with similar fibroblast activity observed in human psoriatic skin.

This study found that EGFR and MEK inhibitors may induce acneiform skin toxicities by interacting with the skin bacterium Cutibacterium acnes to increase IL-36γ and IL-8 production in keratinocytes.

This study found that locally injected zalutumumab in healthy volunteers induced a papulopustular rash similar to systemic EGFR inhibitors, and that IL-8 inhibition reduced this dermatological side effect.

This study found that IL-1 alpha inhibits the growth of cultured human hair follicles and hair fibers, suggesting a potential role in inflammatory hair loss conditions like alopecia areata.

This review discusses the significance of IL-1 family cytokines in skin inflammation and pathology, emphasizing their interactions with microbes and potential therapeutic applications, but reports no new clinical results.

This review highlights the possible role of T regulatory cells in the immune-related mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical findings.

This study found increased IL-18 levels in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome, especially in those who are overweight, suggesting a link with body mass index.

In this study, ustekinumab did not promote hair regrowth in human patients with alopecia areata or prevent disease development in an AA mouse model, suggesting limited efficacy for this treatment.