January 2022 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” In this study, intradermal injections of extracellular vesicles over six months were reported to be safe and effective in improving hair growth among patients with pattern hair loss, with favorable response linked to specific patient factors and treatment volumes.
52 citations
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October 2007 in “Molecular Therapy” Injecting lentiviral vectors into early gestation mice effectively targets skin stem cells for potential gene therapy.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences” This review highlights that both human-derived and plant-derived exosomes show anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with human exosomes being better for targeted medicinal treatments due to their ability to transport healing drugs, while plant exosomes are more scalable and cost-effective for cosmetic applications.
2 citations
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October 2025 in “Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy” This study found that cepharanthine may be a promising treatment for enterovirus infections, as it offered full protection to mice against lethal EV71 challenges and reduced viral titers and pathology.
January 2022 in “Aesthetic surgery journal” This study found that injections of extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells improved hair growth in over 50% of female and nearly 80% of male patients after six months.
3 citations
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November 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences” This study reported that bio-pulsed avian-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles significantly improved cell proliferation, wound healing, and gene expression in human skin fibroblasts and hair follicle cells.
January 2026 in “Pharmaceutics” This review discusses the dual role of extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease, highlighting their potential in both exacerbating and alleviating the condition, and emphasizes the need for advanced technologies to enhance diagnosis and treatment.
April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study suggests that Elf5 plays a crucial role in regulating stem cell processes involved in skin and hair follicle development and regeneration, impacting cell proliferation and differentiation.
October 2025 in “Cell Proliferation” In laboratory research, investigators found that apoptotic vesicles from interleukin-10-treated fibroblasts promote wound healing and reduce fibrotic scarring by enhancing mitochondrial function, modulating collagen composition, and inhibiting the Hedgehog signalling pathway, offering potential for regenerative medicine applications.
25 citations
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July 2015 in “EMBO Reports” This study suggests that mouse lineage specification during pre-implantation development involves distinct timing and mechanisms for trophectoderm and inner cell mass differentiation, challenging existing models.
December 2019 in “Reproduction Fertility and Development” This study found that mouse embryonic fibroblasts better supported the growth and maintenance of LGR5+ epidermal stem cells compared to porcine fetal fibroblasts, under various culture conditions.
September 2025 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This review suggests that extracellular vesicles and conditioned media might be safe and effective for skin rejuvenation and lightening, but further high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
June 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This research outlines an innovative bioregeneration chamber aimed at significantly extending human lifespan and enhancing health maintenance by treating the body as a thermodynamic system, potentially enabling an average lifespan of 130 to 150 years in an advanced therapeutic setting.
May 2025 in “Journal of Extracellular Vesicles” This study found that extracellular vesicles from erythrocytes may promote hair regeneration in patients with androgenic alopecia by transferring components that upregulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling and are involved in the formation of the skin's outer barrier.
12 citations
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February 2025 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord blood plasma enhanced wound healing and reduced scar formation in mice, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents for skin repair.
April 2024 in “Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology” This review discusses the isolation, characterization, and potential clinical applications of tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, noting their significance but highlighting the risks and need for appropriate protocols.
May 1963 in “American journal of obstetrics and gynecology” This study found that a single 2 ml injection of TEEV every 4 weeks offers similar beneficial effects with fewer side effects compared to injecting the same dose every 2 weeks in postmenopausal women.
21 citations
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March 2025 in “Journal of Extracellular Vesicles” This review discusses how using hydrogels as a three-dimensional culture platform for mesenchymal stem cells might affect the production of extracellular vesicles, highlighting challenges in standardization and opportunities to boost EV yield via combined hydrogels and bioreactor methods.
13 citations
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January 2012 in “Dermatology” This case study and literature review describe eruptive vellus hair cysts as uncommon, potentially inherited or acquired lesions, associated with other skin conditions, and challenging to treat despite being benign.
433 citations
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December 2022 in “Materials Today Bio” This review discusses the use of extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels in tissue regeneration and reports no clinical results; the authors highlight their potential and suggest future research directions.
4 citations
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December 2022 in “Cells” This study found that fibroblast-engineered nanovesicles significantly enhanced proliferation and migration of dermal papilla cells and increased hair follicle shaft size in ex vivo organ cultures, suggesting potential as a treatment for alopecia.
September 2024 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy” This study found that extracellular vesicles derived from hyaluronic acid-stimulated induced pluripotent stem cells significantly improved hair growth in a model of androgenetic alopecia in mice by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and regulating androgen receptor activity, showing comparable results to the commonly used treatment finasteride.
August 2026 in “Pharmaceutics” In this study, researchers developed a dexpanthenol-infused nanotechnological platform within hyaluronic acid hydrogels that promoted wound healing in mice by providing a protective barrier and significantly enhancing skin regeneration, including increased fibroblast activity and tissue remodeling.
12 citations
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January 2022 in “Cells” This study found that early passage dermal papilla cell-derived extracellular vesicles, combined with specialized medium, helped adipose-derived stem cells develop dermal papilla-like properties.
January 2025 in “PLoS ONE” This study identified the transcription factor Elf5 as a novel regulator of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in skin, with expression elevated in stem/progenitor cell populations, suggesting its potential role in determining cell fate during skin and hair development.
14 citations
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April 2020 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Viral reactivation is rare at the time of DRESS diagnosis in the U.S.
August 2026 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study highlights the potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles to treat UV-induced skin damage by modulating key signaling pathways, though challenges like EV composition variability and skin barrier penetration remain, underscoring the need for further research into optimized delivery methods for effective therapies.
7 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that the implementation of the SAVe teledermatology model increased access to dermatologic care during COVID-19, reducing referral wait times significantly compared to in-person visits.
9 citations
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August 2021 in “Biomedicines” This study found that 17β-estradiol was the most powerful hormone for inducing APE1/Ref-1 secretion in cultured vascular endothelial cells, with secretion occurring through exosomes dependent on estrogen receptors and intracellular calcium.
January 2026 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study suggests that ELF5 plays a crucial role as a regulator and maintainer of stem/progenitor cell functions, impacting normal skin development and homeostasis.