Interleukin-10 Derived Apoptotic Vesicles Enhance Scarless Skin Healing by Modulating Fibroblast Metabolism and Fibrosis Pathways

This study explores the potential of interleukin-10 derived apoptotic vesicles (IL10_ApoEVs) in promoting scarless skin healing by modulating fibroblast metabolism and fibrosis pathways. IL10_ApoEVs enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and suppress glycolysis, leading to a metabolic shift that favors tissue regeneration over fibrosis. The treatment downregulates pro-fibrotic signaling pathways, such as TGF-β and Hedgehog, while promoting the synthesis of type III collagen, which supports a more elastic and functional tissue matrix. Tested on rat skin defects, IL10_ApoEVs accelerated wound closure, enhanced re-epithelialization, and reduced fibrosis, suggesting their potential as precision modulators for functional and cosmetically favorable skin repair. However, challenges remain in optimizing the yield and purity of IL10_ApoEVs for clinical applications.