Interleukin-10 Derived Apoptotic Vesicles Enhance Scarless Skin Healing by Modulating Fibroblast Metabolism and Fibrosis Pathways

This study investigates the use of apoptotic vesicles derived from interleukin-10-treated fibroblasts (IL10_ApoEVs) to improve skin wound healing and reduce scarring. The findings show that IL10_ApoEVs enhance mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation while reducing glycolytic activity in fibroblasts. They also inhibit the Hedgehog signalling pathway, which is crucial for fibrogenesis, leading to decreased abnormal extracellular matrix deposition and a beneficial shift in collagen composition, with more type III and less type I collagen. This results in more elastic and functionally integrated tissue, supporting scarless or minimally fibrotic healing. The study suggests that IL10_ApoEVs have potential applications in regenerative medicine by modulating metabolic and antifibrotic pathways during tissue repair.