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Mice without the vitamin D receptor have bone issues and other health problems, suggesting vitamin D is important for preventing various diseases in humans.

Male and female skin differ due to hormones, affecting conditions like hair loss, acne, and skin cancer, and suggesting a need for gender-specific treatments.

Different types of stem cells exist within individual skin layers, and they can adapt to damage, transplantation, or tumor growth. These cells are regulated by their environment and genetic factors. Tumor growth is driven by expanding, genetically altered cells, not long-lived mutant stem cells. There's evidence of cancer stem cells in skin tumors. Other cells, bacteria, and genetic factors help maintain balance and contribute to disease progression. A method for growing mini organs from single cells has been developed.

The document concludes that understanding the sebaceous gland's development and function is key to addressing related skin diseases and aging effects.

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

TPA is about 50 times more effective at promoting tumors than MZ.

Imiquimod 5% cream reduced equine sarcoids in most cases.

Cyclosporin is effective for treating skin conditions in small animals, but requires careful dosing and monitoring for side effects.

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone affect hair growth, and new techniques like the folliculogram help study it, but fully understanding hair growth is still complex.

Apple extract called procyanidin B-2 was found to greatly increase hair growth.

Spironolactone may help enlarge a small breast linked to Becker's nevus.

Certain microRNAs are linked to various skin diseases and could be used to diagnose and treat these conditions.

Researchers found a new gene, hacl-1, that is active in mouse hair follicles during hair growth and may be important for hair biology.

HPV16 oncogenes disrupt the normal activity of hair follicle stem cells.

Interferons are effective for some skin conditions and cancers, but can have side effects and need more research for optimal use.

Transgender patients need proper skin care, especially when undergoing hormone treatments, to manage issues like acne and hair loss.

The review highlights the need for more research on transgender dermatology, the role of dermatologists in gender affirmation, and the effects of hormone therapy on skin and hair.

Hormonal contraceptives can help treat acne by affecting sebum production and androgen levels.

Most children with CNS tumors on targeted therapy had skin reactions, which were generally treatable without stopping the therapy.

Scientists created keratinocyte cell lines from human hair that can differentiate similarly to normal skin cells, offering a new way to study skin biology and diseases.

A rare scalp condition causing hair loss and cysts in young men can be treated effectively with a specific steroid injection.

PKC ε increases hair follicle stem cell turnover and may raise skin cancer risk.

A new mutation in the hairless gene causes hair loss and skin wrinkling in mice.

Damaged hair follicles make mice more prone to skin inflammation and skin cancer after UV exposure.

Breast cancer skin metastases are rare, look different, and can be confused with other skin issues, so a biopsy is needed for accurate diagnosis.

Dermatologists are crucial for managing skin side effects in metastatic melanoma patients using vemurafenib and ipilimumab.

The document concludes that various hair and scalp disorders in children have specific treatments and proper diagnosis is essential.

The document concludes that systemic therapy is becoming more important in treating head and neck cancer, with new treatments showing promise.

Netherton Syndrome can cause severe skin lesions in rare cases.

Tofacitinib helped over half of the patients with severe hair loss regrow at least 50% of their hair.