Skin Manifestations of Endocrine Diseases

The document from 2015 reviews the connection between endocrine diseases and skin manifestations, noting that hormone imbalances can lead to a variety of skin conditions that may help in the early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder. It details specific skin conditions linked to endocrine diseases, such as Acanthosis Nigricans with acromegaly and diabetes, Acne with Cushing's syndrome or hyperandrogenemia, Acquired Perforating Dermatosis in diabetic patients, and various types of Alopecia associated with elevated prolactin levels. Additionally, it discusses other skin conditions like Bullous Diseases, Calciphylaxis, Granuloma Annulare, Necrobiosis lipoidica, Necrolytic migratory erythema, Pretibial myxedema, Scleredema, Subcutaneous ossification, Vitiligo, Eruptive xanthoma, and skin issues related to diabetes, thyroid autoimmunity, and multiple endocrine neoplasia. The prevalence of some conditions in diabetic patients is quantified, such as Necrobiosis lipoidica (0.3-1.6%), Scleredema (2.5-14%), and Vitiligo (1-7%). The document also mentions the association between thyroid autoimmunity and chronic urticaria with a prevalence rate of 12-29%. The conclusion stresses the significance of recognizing these skin manifestations for early detection and management of endocrine diseases.