610 citations,
April 2014 in “Nature Reviews Immunology” The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.
305 citations,
February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research” Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.
252 citations,
January 2008 in “Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism” Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.
159 citations,
December 2007 in “American Journal of Pathology” Stress-related substance P may lead to hair loss and negatively affect hair growth.
158 citations,
August 2011 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” Vitamin D and its receptor regulate skin functions like cell growth, immunity, hair cycle, and tumor prevention.
117 citations,
March 2017 in “Nature Communications” Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.
59 citations,
March 2008 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
54 citations,
November 2015 in “Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology” Keratins are important for skin cell health and their problems can cause diseases.
47 citations,
September 2016 in “Reviews in endocrine and metabolic disorders” The skin's ability to produce hormones is linked to various skin conditions, and better understanding this process could lead to new treatments.
43 citations,
July 2019 in “Stem Cells International” Advancements in creating skin grafts with biomaterials and stem cells are promising, but more research is needed for clinical application.
41 citations,
June 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Beard and scalp hair cells have different gene expressions, which may affect beard growth characteristics.
39 citations,
October 2013 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery” Human alpha defensin 5 helps heal wounds, reduce bacteria, and grow hair on burned skin.
37 citations,
January 2002 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Apple extract called procyanidin B-2 was found to greatly increase hair growth.
34 citations,
July 2009 in “Journal of Cell Science” ΔNp63α helps control a protein that stops cancer cells from spreading.
34 citations,
January 1997 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Minoxidil affects cell growth in two ways: low doses increase growth, while high doses slow it down and can be toxic.
31 citations,
February 2019 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Caffeine applied to the scalp can protect hair follicles from UV damage.
27 citations,
January 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology” Immune cells affect hair growth and could lead to new hair loss treatments.
27 citations,
August 2014 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology” The skin and thymus develop similarly to protect and support immunity.
26 citations,
December 2006 in “Endocrinology” A cream with a specific hormone blocker increases hair growth in mice.
20 citations,
November 2019 in “Stem Cells” Hes1 protein is important for hair growth and regeneration, and could be a potential treatment for hair loss.
9 citations,
January 2016 in “International Journal of Medical Sciences” Increasing Wnt10b levels can help grow new hair follicles in mice.
5 citations,
May 2019 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Narrowband UVB treatment increases certain gene expressions in psoriasis skin and improves symptoms.
3 citations,
November 2023 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology” Melanocytes are important for skin and hair color and protect the skin from UV damage.
January 2006 in “The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology” Rubus coreanum may help hair growth but not through the tested mechanisms, and none of the herbal extracts help with acne.
October 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Mice treatments didn't grow hair, a patient treatment may affect immune response, and people with hair loss often feel anxious or depressed.
759 citations,
February 2009 in “Current Biology” Hair follicles are complex, dynamic mini-organs that help us understand cell growth, death, migration, and differentiation, as well as tissue regeneration and tumor biology.
397 citations,
February 2004 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Minoxidil boosts hair growth by opening potassium channels and increasing cell activity.
349 citations,
January 2005 in “The FASEB journal” Human skin can make serotonin and melatonin, which help protect and maintain it.
276 citations,
December 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” The document concludes that mouse models are helpful but have limitations for skin wound healing research, and suggests using larger animals and genetically modified mice for better human application.
174 citations,
April 2005 in “The American journal of pathology (Print)” Capsaicin, found in chili peppers, can slow down hair growth by affecting skin cells and hair follicles.