59 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” This study suggests that epitestosterone may play a role in regulating androgen-dependent processes like prostate growth and body hair distribution by counteracting testosterone's actions.
25 citations
,
November 1979 in “International Journal of Dermatology” This article reviews the metabolism and action of androgen in the skin but reports no new experimental results; the author calls for further research.
14 citations
,
September 2006 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study suggests that interleukin-1 α influences dermal papilla cell activity by modifying androgen receptor expression and increasing the secretion of several growth factors and cytokines.
1 citations
,
December 2020 This study suggests that linoleic acid from Malva verticillata seed extracts may promote hair growth and combat androgenic alopecia by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and stimulating dermal papilla cell proliferation in vitro.
November 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights various treatments for androgenetic alopecia that target its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, reporting enhanced hair growth, especially when combining drugs, which shows improved outcomes over individual drug use alone.
August 2024 in “Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology” In this study, the combination of low level light therapy with arginine, arterial extract, or biotin tripeptide-1 was associated with improvements in hair density and follicle structure in androgenic alopecia.
January 2024 in “Life sciences” This study observed that in spontaneously hypertensive rats, testosterone's effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilation involved reduced nitric oxide levels, increased oxidative stress, and greater reliance on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization, with variations in these responses noted when testosterone was combined with either anastrozole or finasteride.
This study reports that testosterone requires conversion to DHT and estradiol for its various actions on external genitalia and bone, influencing lean mass, muscle size, strength, and body fat in hypogonadal males.
3 citations
,
May 2021 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article reviews potential therapeutic targets and comorbidities associated with male androgenetic alopecia, but reports no new clinical results; further study is needed for comprehensive management.
December 2016 in “University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)” This study suggests that the adrenal gland may contribute to prostate cancer treatment resistance and indicates potential steroid production or dependency in ovarian cancer.
35 citations
,
May 2022 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This review discusses the current understanding of androgen biosynthesis, mechanisms of action, and their roles in human biology, as well as related congenital and acquired disorders, but it reports no new research findings.
4 citations
,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” This study found that intracrine androgen signaling via 5α-reductase is essential for optimal endometrial decidualization and vascular development during this process in mice.
1 citations
,
September 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study found that testosterone promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in human glioblastoma cell lines through its conversion into dihydrotestosterone, which can be inhibited by drugs blocking 5α-reductase activity.
168 citations
,
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
104 citations
,
June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinology” This study suggests that in rats, maternal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance lead to activation of ferroptosis in the gravid uterus and placenta, mediated by different molecular and cellular mechanisms.
54 citations
,
April 2010 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This review discusses 46,XY disorders of sex development caused by defects in androgen production and highlights the need for long-term care from experienced multidisciplinary teams, but it reports no new clinical findings.
51 citations
,
July 2013 in “Brain Research” Testosterone needs to be converted to DHT to reduce stress response in male rats.
45 citations
,
April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of masculinization involving androgen signaling and their roles in male embryonic development and conditions like hypospadias and prostate cancer, and reports no clinical results.
44 citations
,
December 2005 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” This study found that testosterone is converted to estrogenic steroids in vitro without aromatase involvement, suggesting that combining 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors might reduce estrogenic steroids more completely in vivo.
29 citations
,
December 1998 in “Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery” This review examines recent approvals and emerging treatments for androgenetic alopecia, discussing newly approved drugs like Propecia and Rogaine Extra Strength 5%, but without presenting new clinical results.
13 citations
,
February 2021 in “Brain Sciences” This study found that in adolescent male rats, androgens enhance inhibitory avoidance memory, possibly by interacting with androgen receptors in the amygdala and hippocampus.
11 citations
,
February 2016 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry” This review discusses various targets for treating prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia and reports on recent studies of new compounds and 5α-reductase inhibitors, but provides no new experimental results.
10 citations
,
December 2019 in “in Vivo” This study found that administering testosterone to ovariectomized female rats decreased endometrial tight junction complexity and expression of specific proteins, potentially affecting embryo implantation.
10 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” This study found that developmental changes in testosterone synthesis and gene regulation may explain age differences in corticosterone release in response to stress between adolescent and adult rats.
8 citations
,
June 2021 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” This study investigated the effects of the 60% alcohol extract from Alnus sibirica and its active compound, oregonin, on hair health, observing anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic benefits in human hair dermal papilla cells exposed to oxidative stress, suggesting potential as natural materials for hair loss prevention.
6 citations
,
September 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy” This review discusses the role of androgens in women's sexual health and highlights the need for further research on androgen replacement therapy to optimize quality of life, but reports no new clinical results.
3 citations
,
July 2024 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This study demonstrates that Puerariae Lobatae Radix may regulate skin lipid metabolism by inhibiting sebaceous gland growth and reducing triglyceride secretion, highlighting its therapeutic potential for sebaceous gland-related conditions.
1 citations
,
February 2017 in “MOJ bioequivalence & bioavailability” This review discusses recent advancements in understanding the pathophysiology of androgenetic alopecia and highlights the potential for multilateral topical therapies to improve treatment efficacy with fewer side effects; it reports no new clinical results.
April 2026 in “Communications Biology” In this study of Danioninae species, researchers reported that the presence of breeding tubercles on the pectoral fins is conserved in certain species and linked to local androgen conversion, with steroid 5-α-reductase playing a crucial role in their development.
February 2026 in “Journal of Drugs in Dermatology” This systematic review discusses various topical, oral, injectable, and non-pharmacological treatments for androgenetic alopecia, examining both current and emerging therapeutic options in addressing this common form of hair loss.