June 2021 in “Archives of Advances in Biosciences” This study suggests that finasteride at doses of 5 mg/kg BW or higher may adversely affect spermatogenesis and male fertility in NMRI mice.
7 citations
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February 2003 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” This study found that finasteride treatment significantly reduced hirsutism and dihydrotestosterone levels in women with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovary syndrome over six months.
1 citations
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December 2019 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” This study found that high prepubertal and pubertal androgen levels, originating from both adrenal and gonadal secretion, were negatively associated with adult height outcomes in males with Silver-Russell syndrome.
September 2025 in “Deleted Journal” This study found that in vitro environments simulating testosterone levels in elderly males, testosterone and its metabolite DHT significantly reduced macrophages' ability to phagocytize MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting AR manipulation and inhibiting testosterone-DHT conversion might help fight wound infections in the elderly.
October 2023 in “The Journal of urology/The journal of urology” This study reported no association between higher serum testosterone or dihydrotestosterone levels and the incidence or progression of lower urinary tract symptoms in asymptomatic or symptomatic men in the REDUCE trial, challenging the belief that elevated androgens contribute to these symptoms.
June 2016 in “Baghdad Science Journal” This study found that male volunteers with baldness had significantly decreased levels of gonadotropin hormones LH and FSH compared to healthy men, suggesting potential treatment targets for androgenetic alopecia.
June 2013 in “Vestnik dermatologii i venerologii” This study found that women with androgenic alopecia often have increased dihydrotestosterone levels, suggesting potentially enhanced activity of 5-alpha-reductase, with the saliva free testosterone level providing valuable hormonal background information.
April 2023 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This article discusses the effects of 1mg/day finasteride on PSA levels and its implications for prostate cancer diagnosis, reporting no new clinical results; further investigation is suggested.
April 2009 in “11th European Congress of Endocrinology” Taking 1 mg finasteride for a year reduces dihydrotestosterone levels in men with early hair loss, but doesn't change their metabolic state.
87 citations
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May 2018 in “Scientific Reports” This study found that in healthy men, higher levels of free testosterone were associated with a stronger immune response to the influenza vaccine, suggesting androgens may function as immunomodulators rather than strict immunosuppressants.
22 citations
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September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that three months of oral finasteride treatment significantly decreased dihydrotestosterone levels and hair growth in hirsute women without negatively affecting gonadotropin secretion.
19 citations
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April 2018 in “Clinical cardiology” This study found that among older men, low levels of free dihydrotestosterone were associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation.
11 citations
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September 1990 in “Clinical Endocrinology” This study found that girls with prepubertal simple hypertrichosis had significantly higher plasma levels of dihydrotestosterone compared to controls, which does not align with other androgen markers and warrants further investigation.
8 citations
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March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” In this study of healthy men, low levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone were associated with higher body mass index, fat content, and insulin resistance, but their effects on lipid and glucose metabolism were similar in quality.
July 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” This research formulated a herbal hair oil using ingredients like pumpkin seed, bhringraj, and amla to reduce DHT levels and stimulate hair growth, with findings suggesting that the product is stable, suitable for the scalp, and free from toxic chemicals.
October 2025 in “European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine” This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher serum dihydrotestosterone levels than healthy controls, supporting its use as a reliable biomarker for early detection of the condition.
September 2024 in “Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces” This study found that cedrol nanoemulsions significantly promote hair follicle regeneration and reduce DHT levels in an androgenic alopecia mouse model, suggesting potential efficacy in AGA treatment.
In this study, Paljeong-san pharmacopuncture reduced dihydrotestosterone levels and inhibited prostate tissue proliferation in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
115 citations
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March 2001 in “Baillière's best practice and research in clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism” This article reviews how different 5alpha-reductase and 3alpha-HSD enzymes impact androgen levels and highlights their potential as drug targets for androgen-related diseases, but provides no new experimental findings.
6 citations
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April 1993 in “Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine” Untreated Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia can cause severe hair loss due to high androgen levels.
2 citations
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September 2009 in “Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation” This study found that low-dose finasteride treatment in men with premature androgenetic alopecia decreased levels of 5α-reduced steroids, which may be linked to increased depression symptoms.
February 2024 in “Experimental Dermatology” In this study, researchers found that IGFBP‐rP1 levels were lower in individuals with androgenic alopecia compared to healthy controls, and subcutaneous injection of IGFBP‐rP1 showed potential in slowing hair loss progression in a mouse model by affecting the hair cycle transition.
April 2020 in “Archivos españoles de urología” This study found that administering dutasteride did not change spermatogenesis or oxidative stress levels in rat testes, though further research is needed to confirm these findings.
April 2012 in “Journal of IMAB” This study found no correlation between clinical stages of androgenetic alopecia and serum DHEA-S levels in men, contrasting with previous studies suggesting elevated levels.
October 2004 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” This study found no correlation between the clinical stage of androgenetic alopecia and serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, contrasting earlier findings and supporting theories about alternative androgen sources in hair follicles.
April 2026 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” In this study, Dodatek A operationalizes the Functional Androgen Axis framework by defining three system-level indices and an efficiency metric to describe androgen function, incorporating key methodological improvements and acknowledging significant limitations for future empirical validation.
195 citations
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February 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” In this study, administering 5alpha-reductase inhibitors reduced dihydrotestosterone levels and was associated with mild, reversible decreases in semen parameters in healthy men.
42 citations
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December 2015 in “International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics” This study found that applying a novel 0.25% finasteride solution to the scalp can effectively reduce scalp DHT levels in men with androgenetic alopecia, potentially reducing systemic side-effects.
32 citations
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August 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that individuals with early onset extensive androgenetic alopecia have an elevated ratio of DHT to testosterone, but no significant genetic linkage to markers on chromosomes 2 or 5 was detected.
30 citations
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April 2011 in “Rapid communications in mass spectrometry/RCM. Rapid communications in mass spectrometry” This study found that using hair steroid profiling, dutasteride treatment led to reduced dihydrotestosterone levels and DHT/testosterone ratio in patients with male-pattern baldness.