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    Glossary Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4

    regulates immune response by inhibiting T cell activation

    Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a protein found on the surface of T cells, which are a type of immune cell. It acts as an "off switch" to help regulate the immune system by preventing it from attacking the body's own tissues. This protein is crucial in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune diseases.

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    1. Studying Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- Associated Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Al-ʻulūm al-ṣaydalāniyyaẗ · 2019 · 2 citations
    2. Studying Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- Associated Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene Polymorphism in a Sample of Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Al Mustansiriyah Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2019
    3. Type 1 interferon signature and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation targeted against sweat ducts in inflammatory acquired idiopathic generalized anhidrosis Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · 2023 · 6 citations
    4. Psoriasis is characterized by deficient negative immune regulation compared to transient delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions F1000Research · 2015 · 15 citations
    5. Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition Nature medicine · 2014 · 701 citations
    6. Clinicopathological Features and Pathogenesis of Thymoma Complicated with Alopecia Areata: A Multicenter, Matched Case Analysis Cancers · 2025
    7. Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression Reveals the Core Transcriptomic Profile of Lesional Scalp in Alopecia Areata Dermatology and Therapy · 2025
    8. Innate lymphoid cells type 1 may be new, non-antigen-specific player in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata 2019
    9. Pathophysiology of the Behçet's Disease Pathology Research International · 2011 · 34 citations
    10. Etiology of cicatricial alopecias: a basic science point of view Dermatologic therapy · 2008 · 35 citations
    11. The role of lymphocytes in the development and treatment of alopecia areata Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · 2015 · 60 citations
    12. The Contributory Roles of Th17 Lymphocyte and Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte at the Hair Bulge Region as Well as the Hair Bulb Area in the Chronic Alopecia Areata Patients 2017 · 18 citations
    13. The function of BST2 in γδ T Cells, CD8 T Cells, and macrophages in alopecia areata pathogenesis 4231 The Journal of Immunology · 2025
    14. Resident Memory T Cells in Autoimmune Skin Diseases Frontiers in immunology · 2021 · 50 citations
    15. Genes and Immune Response in Alopecia Areata: Review of the Alopecia Areata Research Summit First Day Proceedings Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings · 2013 · 6 citations
    16. Effective Role of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell in Iraqi Alopecia areata Patients Medical Journal of Babylon · 2024 · 2 citations
    17. Alopecia areata Springer eBooks · 2005 · 1 citations
    18. SnapshotDx Quiz: February 2018 Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2018
    19. Role of Cytotoxic T Cells in Chronic Alopecia Areata Journal of Investigative Dermatology · 2000 · 127 citations
    20. Catalytic Antibodies in Norm and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus InTech eBooks · 2017 · 25 citations
    21. Alopecia areata: medical treatments Nasza Dermatologia Online · 2015 · 3 citations
    22. Immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune disease — A review Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -) · 1991 · 5 citations
    23. Type 1 interferon signature in the scalp lesions of alopecia areata British Journal of Dermatology · 2010 · 52 citations
    24. Erythematous cutaneous nodules caused by adulterated cocaine Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology · 1989 · 5 citations
    25. Alopecia Areata: A tissue specific autoimmune disease of the hair follicle Autoimmunity Reviews · 2005 · 185 citations
    26. Early stage alopecia areata is associated with inflammation in the upper dermis and damage to the hair follicle infundibulum Australasian Journal of Dermatology · 2013 · 22 citations
    27. Changes in distribution pattern of CD8 lymphocytes in the scalp in alopecia areata during treatment with diphencyprone Archives of dermatological research · 2007 · 27 citations
    28. TCL1 transgenic mouse model as a tool for the study of therapeutic targets and microenvironment in human B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia Cell Death and Disease · 2016 · 38 citations
    29. Imbalance of T‐helper 17 and regulatory T cells in patients with alopecia areata The Journal of Dermatology · 2015 · 62 citations
    30. Cemiplimab-Induced Alopecia Areata International Journal of Trichology · 2023