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This review explores the complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that regulate hair follicle stem cells and their role in skin homeostasis, aiming to advance understanding that could support future research on skin disorders.

Apoptosis in hair follicles varies by growth phase, with TGF-β possibly starting the catagen phase.

This study observes the expression of mRNA for androgen receptor, 5α‐reductase, and 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human dermal papilla cells.

Growth factors can either promote or inhibit hair follicle cell growth and collagen breakdown.

This study identifies cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) as a key extracellular matrix component in human hair follicle cycling, potentially regulated by TGFβ signaling, and suggests its importance in normal hair follicle biology.

This study found that injecting keratin into the skin of mice promoted hair growth, potentially through keratin's interaction with hair-forming cells and changes in the microenvironment.

This study found that transplanting hair follicle bulge-derived stem cells in rats enhanced skin regeneration during expansion by differentiating into several skin-related cells and increasing the expression of growth factors.

This study found that taurine uptake by isolated human hair follicles promoted hair survival and protected against TGF-β1-induced damage in an in vitro setting.

This study found that TGF-β1 expression in follicular tumors correlates with differentiation degree and suggests its potential role alongside p63 in differentiating between sebaceous and follicular tumors.

This study found that VR1 activation in human hair follicles inhibited hair growth by suppressing proliferation and promoting apoptosis, suggesting VR1 plays an important role in hair growth regulation.

This study found that increased expression of type 2 TGF-β and type II receptor was observed in the bald vertex area of hair follicles from androgenetic alopecia patients, suggesting a role in catagen induction.

This study found that RCS-01 cell therapy for aged skin was well tolerated and associated with increased gene expression related to extracellular matrix homeostasis, suggesting potential skin improvement.

This study detected higher expression of p63 in occipital scalp areas compared to frontal areas, with minimal changes in beta-catenin expression and a novel finding of CD34 positive cells in hair follicles' outer root sheath.

This study found that estrogen receptor beta, not alpha, is the main mediator of estrogen action in human skin and hair follicles, suggesting a distinct role in these tissues.

This study found HLA and beta 2-microglobulin antigens in various skin structures, with specific localization patterns in keratinocytes and hair follicle components, but not in eccrine or apocrine glands.

In this study, researchers observed that the sebaceous gland niche in mice allows for Wnt-induced hair follicle differentiation, unlike the non-permissive bulge.

This study found that basal cell carcinoma exhibits patterns of hair follicle differentiation but is stuck in telogen arrest, which can be rescued by adding noggin and TGF-β2 in vitro.

This study found that activation of delta-opioid receptors in keratinocytes may delay the expression of the PER2 gene, suggesting a possible link to cancer development through circadian rhythm disruption.

This article discusses topical keratolytic therapy for keratosis pilaris, highlighting potential benefits while noting limitations in the current evidence base, and reports no clinical results.

This study reported the development of a scalp serum containing Beta-Sitosterol and nutrient-rich oils, showing stable physicochemical properties, suggesting potential for promoting hair growth and scalp health, though further clinical testing in humans is needed to confirm effectiveness.

This study found that combining red light therapy with oral beta-carotene significantly improved photoaging treatment outcomes compared to red light therapy alone, with Group A showing a 56.12% reduction in photoaging scores over 12 weeks versus 44.78% in Group B.

This study identifies a bipotent stem cell in adult hair follicles that self-renews and contributes to dermal sheath and papilla cell populations, potentially aiding hair regrowth after injury, disease, or aging.

This study found that beta-caryophyllene enhanced re-epithelialization in cutaneous wounds of female mice, suggesting its potential for improving wound healing through multiple pathways.

In this study, beta-caryophyllene enhanced wound healing in female mice by improving re-epithelialization, cell proliferation, and cell migration, suggesting potential benefits of essential oil compounds in inflammation reduction.

In this study, β-catenin overexpression in human hair outer root sheath cells increased the expression of Pitx2, which activated the follicular differentiation pathway, suggesting Pitx2's potential role as a modulator in hair growth control.

This study found that LED light irradiation induced proliferation and migration of human outer root sheath cells, potentially through the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and ERK signaling pathways.

This study investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasomes in alopecia areata and found that outer root sheath cells may contribute to inflammation by increasing IL-1β and HMGB1 secretion when stimulated with double-stranded RNA.

This study found that extracellular vesicles from low-passage dermal papilla cells may activate hair growth by delivering miR-140-5p, which downregulates BMP2 signaling, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for alopecia.

This study analyzes the fine structure and protein distribution in monotreme hairs, finding similarities with other mammals and detailing unique immunocytochemical features in their inner root sheaths.

This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.