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This study found that blocking neurosteroid synthesis in pregnant sheep increased HPA axis activity, particularly under stress, suggesting neurosteroids help modulate stress response.

This review found that patients with depression generally have higher hair cortisol concentrations compared to healthy controls, while those with PTSD tend to have lower concentrations.

This study observed fluctuations in hair cortisol levels in rabbits, indicating their HPA axis activity responded similarly to surgical and environmental stressors, suggesting potential anthropomorphic evaluations of stress.

This article reviews the use of hair cortisol concentration as a biomarker to assess long-term stress in both animals and humans, but it reports no new experimental results.

This review discusses sex differences in the neuroendocrine response to stress, focusing primarily on rodent studies, and highlights open questions about the roles of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes.

This study demonstrated that stress-derived neurosteroid THDOC shifts from inhibiting to activating the HPA axis under stress, presenting potential therapeutic targets for stress-related disorders.

In this study, researchers found that in late pregnancy, the neuroactive progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone inhibits HPA axis responses to immune challenges via an opioid-mediated mechanism.

This paper describes the hGRα gene structure and its expression, focusing on the functional properties of the longest GRα isoform, but reports no new results.

This study found that age-related fluctuations in hormones and endocannabinoids in male C57BL/6 mice showed specific patterns, with peak values observed around 2.7 to 3.4 months, with these patterns seen in both plasma and hair but with different magnitudes.

This study observed that hair loss in captive rhesus macaques varies with season, sex, and housing conditions, and is significantly correlated with HPA axis activity as indicated by faecal cortisol metabolites.

The skin acts like an endocrine organ, making hormones that affect skin diseases and respond to stress.

This study found that hair cortisol concentration is a promising stress indicator in cattle but not in pigs, where external factors and lower cortisol response may interfere with its validity.

This study found that chronic stress may inhibit hair follicle growth and melanogenesis in mice through modulation of the central HPA axis, with C57BL/6 mice appearing most sensitive to these effects.

This study found that stress hormones, particularly CRF, can inhibit hair growth and induce hair loss by affecting human dermal papilla cells and hair follicles, suggesting a functional HPA axis in these cells.

This review discusses the complex relationship between stress and various skin conditions, highlighting the role of the skin in the stress response and the brain-skin communication pathways, but reports no new research findings.

This study found that long-term use of difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion in dogs can lead to HPA axis suppression and potentially cause iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism, with localized alopecia suspected due to dermal absorption.

This review discusses the pharmacological properties and physiological regulation of neuroactive steroids, focusing on their varied responses to stress and ethanol in rats, mice, and humans, but it reports no new findings.

This study found that finasteride impaired stress reactivity and reduced exploratory and impulsive behaviors in rats, potentially by altering the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis function.

This review highlights the role of the brain–gut–skin axis in systemic inflammatory skin conditions, revealing potential interventions like microbiome-directed treatments and integrative therapies, though emphasizes the need for more robust clinical validation.

This study highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated stress-related dermatological issues like acne and hair loss by affecting skin and hair cycles through stress hormones, emphasizing the need for comprehensive psychoneuroendocrine-informed approaches to diagnosis and treatment.

In this study, hair from forearms showed higher cortisol levels than hair from lower legs, suggesting a localized cortisol response in hair.

This review discusses the dermatological effects and potential mechanisms of plant adaptogens, emphasizing their role in skin health and aging without presenting new experimental results.

This study found that individuals with a recent history of suicide attempts exhibited altered DHEA hair levels, suggesting possible dysregulation of the HPA axis as a biopsychosocial feature, and recommends further investigation into hair hormones as potential markers of suicidal crisis and vulnerability.

This review discusses the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone in human skin, focusing on its regulation, receptors, and functions, and highlights parallels with the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis; it reports no new research findings.

This study observed that Parkinson’s disease patients had higher hair cortisone, but not cortisol, levels compared to controls, and cortisone was significantly associated with mood-related non-motor symptoms.

This study explores the potential of adaptogenic herbal extracts like ashwagandha, rhodiola, and schisandra in treating stress-induced dermatoses, noting their effects on modulating the HPA axis, reducing inflammation, and improving skin barrier function.

This study discusses the potential of targeting 11β-HSD1 for treating metabolic syndrome and highlights emerging promising data from human trials on selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors.

Low DHEA-S levels might be linked to alopecia areata and could be a potential treatment target.

In this review, researchers examined advanced sensing technologies and bioelectronic interfaces that could improve understanding of the skin–brain axis, highlighting challenges and strategies for integrating these platforms into models for studying skin and neural interactions.

HPT axis hormones boost mitochondrial function and growth in hair follicles, potentially aiding hair health.