Localized Alopecia and Suppression of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Dogs Following Treatment with Difluprednate 0.05% Ophthalmic Emulsion

The study examined the effects of long-term use of difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (Durezol®) on dogs, focusing on localized alopecia and suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It included 13 Beagles and one Chihuahua, revealing that the Beagles developed alopecia around the face and ears, while the Chihuahua exhibited generalized hair loss and signs of iatrogenic hyperadrenocorticism. Diagnostic tests showed significant suppression of the HPA axis, with a negative correlation between difluprednate dose and cortisol levels. The findings suggest that difluprednate's high potency and dermal absorption contribute to these adverse effects, indicating the need for cautious use in veterinary treatments.